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課程名稱︰經濟學原理與實習下
課程性質︰暑修
課程教師︰駱明慶
開課學院：社會科學院
開課系所︰經濟學系
考試日期（年月日）︰2015/09/09
考試時限（分鐘）：130
試題 :
一、選擇題 (45%)：不需說明，寫出正確答案即可。
1. According to the quantity equation, the price level would change less than
proportionately with a rise in the money supply if there were also
(a) either a rise in output or a rise in velocity.
(b) either a rise in output or a fall in velocity.
(c) either a fall in output or a rise in velocity.
(d) either a fall in output or a fall in velocity.
2. You put money into an account and earn a real interest interest rate of 5
percent. Inflation is 2 percent, and your marginal tax rate is 35 percent.
What is your after-tax real rate of interest?
(a) 5.25 percent
(b) 3.05 percent
(c) 2.55 percent
(d) 1.25 percent
3. An American brewery sells dollars to obtain euros. It then uses the euros to
buy brewing equipment from a German company. These transactions
(a) increase U.S. net capital outflow because Germans obtain U.S. assets.
(b) decrease U.S. net capital outflow because Germans obtain U.S. assets.
(c) increase U.S. net capital outflow because the U.S. buys capital goods.
(d) decrease U.S. net capital outflow because the U.S. buys capital goods.
4. A pair of running shoes costs $70 in the U.S. If the price of the same shoes
is 4500 rupees in India and the exchange rate is 60 rupees per dollar, than
the real exchange rate is
(a) more than 1, so a profit could be made by buying these shoes in the U.S.
and selling them in Indea.
(b) more than 1, so a profit could be made by buying these shoes in India
and selling them in the U.S.
(c) less than 1, so a profit could be made by buying these shoes in the U.S.
and selling them in India.
(d) less than 1, so a profit could be made by buying these shoes in India
and selling them in the U.S.
5. Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. Concerns about pollution
cause the government to significantly restrict the production of
electricity. At the same time, taxes fall. In the short-run,
(a) real GDP will rise, and the price level might rise, fall, or stay the
same.
(b) real GDP will fall, and the price level might rise, fall, or stay the
same.
(c) the price level will rise, and real GDP might rise, fall, or stay the
same.
(d) the price level will fall, and real GDP might rise, fall, or stay the
same.
6. In the open-economy macroeconomic model, if the supply of loanable funds
shifts right,
(a) the interest rate rises and the demand for dollars in the market for
foreign currency exchange shifts right.
(b) the interest rate rises and the demand for dollars in the market for
foreign currency exchange shifts left.
(c) the interest rate falls and the supply of dollars in the market for
foreign currency exchange shifts right.
(d) the interest rate falls and the supply of dollars in the market for
foreign currency exchange shifts left.
7. A country produces two goods, soda and chips. It currently exports soda and
imports chips. If it were to impose a tariff on chips,
(a) both imports of chips and exports of sodas would rise.
(b) imports of chips would rise, but exports of sodas would fall.
(c) imports of chips would fall, but exports of sodas would rise.
(d) both imports of chips and exports of sodas would fall.
8. Other things the same, which of the following is correct?
(a) A decrease in the price level causes the dollar to appriciate. Aggregate
demand shifts right.
(b) A decrease in the price level causes the dollar to depreciate. Aggregate
demand shifts right.
(c) If speculators lose confidence in the American economy, the dollar
appriciates. Aggregate demand shifts right.
(d) If speculators lose confidence in the American economy, the dollar
depreciates. Aggregate demand shifts right.
9. If the economy is initially at long-run equilibrium and aggregate demand
declines, then in the long run the price level
(a) and output are higher than in the original long-run equilibrium.
(b) and output are lower than in the original long-run equilibrium.
(c) is lower and output is the same as the original long-run equilibrium.
(d) is the same and output is lower than in the original long-run
equilibrium.
10. If the Fed conducts open-market sales, which of the following quantities
increase(s)?
(a) interest rates, but not investment or prices
(b) interest rates, prices, and investment spending
(c) interest rates and prices, but not investment spending
(d) interest rates and investment, but not prices
11. A tax cut shifts the aggregate demand curve the farthest if
(a) the MPC is large and if the tax cut is temporary.
(b) the MPC is large and if the tax cut is permanent.
(c) the MPC is small and if the tax cut is temporary.
(d) the MPC is small and if the tax cut is permanent.
12. If the long-run Phillips curve shifts to the right, then for any given rate
of money growth and inflation the economy has
(a) higher unemployment and lower output.
(b) higher unemployment and higher output.
(c) lower unemployment and lower output.
(d) lower unemployment and higher output.
13. If people believe that the central bank is going to reduce inflation,
(a) the short-run Phillips curve shifts right and the sacrifice ratio will
rise.
(b) the short-run Phillips curve shifts right and the sacrifice ratio will
fall.
(c) the short-run Phillips curve shifts left and the sacrifice ratio will
rise.
(d) the short-run Phillips curve shifts left and the sacrifice ratio will
fall.
14. If a central bank were required to target inflation at zero, then when there
was a negative aggregate supply shock the central bank
(a) would have to increase the money supply. This would move unemployment
closer to the natural rate.
(b) would have to decrease the money supply. This would move unemployment
further from the natural rate.
(c) would have to increase the money supply. This would move unemployment
further from the natural rate.
(d) would have to decrease the money supply. This would move unemployment
closer to the natural rate.
15. Which of the following is not an argument by those who oppose tax-law
changes to encourage saving?
(a) Saving is not very responsive to changes in the tax rate.
(b) Saving is not an important determinant of a nation's ability to produce
output.
(c) Reducing the budget deficit instead of changing the tax laws could rise
saving.
(d) Changes in the tax laws to induce saving would distribute the tax burden
less fairly.
二、非選擇題 (55%)：答題時請適當說明你的想法，答案內容以讓批改者瞭解為原則。
1. (15%) 假設台大國的可貸資金與外匯市場原先均處於均衡狀態，請問下列事件對於台大
國的利率、國民儲蓄、投資、匯率及貿易餘額 (trade balance) 有何影響？
(a) (5%) 鄰國人民對於台大國的鮮奶產生強大的偏好和需求。
(b) (5%) 台大國對於本國的鮮奶採取出口補貼 (export subsidy)。
(c) (5%) 鄰國資產的實質利率提升。
2. (15%) 假設中央銀行使貨幣供給上升 10%。
(a) (3%) 請畫圖以流動性偏好 (liquidity preference) 理論說明此政策對於利率的
影響。
(b) (3%) 請使用總和供需 (AS-AD) 模型說明此一利率變動對於短期產出與物價水準的
影響。
(c) (3%) 在經濟體由短期均衡趨向長期均衡的過程中，物價水準會如何變動？
(d) (3%) 此一物價水準的變動如何影響貨幣需求與均衡利率？
(e) (3%) 「貨幣在短期對於產出具有實質影響，但在長期是中立」的說法是否正確？
3. (10%) 假設天龍國政府在經濟衰退時，決定以擴大政府支出 100 億的方式刺激景氣，
請以總和供需模型回答下列問題。
(a) (5%) 假設不存在乘數效果和排擠效果，上述政策將使總和供給增減多少？對於短
期均衡有何影響？
(b) (5%) 現假設乘數效果和排擠效果存在，天龍國的邊際消費傾向 (MPC) 為 0.6，且
排擠效果的影響是乘數效果影響的五分之一。請問此時政策將使總和供給增減多少
？對於短期均衡有何影響？
4. (15%) 請回答下列問題。
(a) (4%) 已知某國的實質產出每年成長率為 5%，且假設貨幣流通速度不變。請問若該
國中央銀行想要在明年將物價維持在今年的水準，需如何調整貨幣政策？
(b) (5%) 假設稻米是世界上唯一的產品。已知日圓兌美元的名目匯率為 100，且一單
位米在美國的價格為 80 美元，在日本的價格則是 16000 日圓。請問購買力平價
(purchasing-power parity) 在兩國之間是否成立？若不成立，存在何種套利的策
略？
(c) (6%) 請說明總和需求和總和供給的改變，對於菲利浦曲線 (Phillips curve) 各
有何影響？
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移居二次元(|R^2)的注意事項： 3. 如果你在從事random walk，往上下左右的
1. connectedness不保證pathwise connec- 的機率都是1/4，則你能回家的機率是1。
tedness。可能你跟你的幼馴染住很近， 4. 下面這個PDE是二次元上的波方程式
卻永遠沒辦法到她家。 http://i.imgur.com/2H9HllP.png
2. ODE的C^1 autonomous system不會出現 它的解不滿足Huygens' principle，因此
chaos，在預測事情上比較方便。 講話時會聽到自己的回音，很不方便。
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