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More than Manchester 不只是曼徹斯特
On Saturday, May 14, as the final whistle ended a 1-1 draw in the English
Premier League between Blackburn Rovers and Manchester United, a man looking
perhaps a shade younger than his 69 years began dancing around and hugging
everyone in sight. If Sir Alex Ferguson, United's manager, looked like a bit
of a dork — as he usually does when celebrating — nobody cared. United had
just won its 19th English League title, beating the record of its archrival
Liverpool, the team that Ferguson had long ago promised to "knock off their
perch." Of those 19 championships, 12, together with five FA Cup victories,
have been won since Ferguson arrived in 1986. On May 28 he will go for
another title, when United meets Barcelona in the final of the European
Champions League in London. If his team wins, Ferguson will have his third
European championship and United its fourth. Only Real Madrid, AC Milan and
Liverpool have won more.
時間回到5月14號星期六，當曼聯作客布萊克本這場英超聯賽的終場哨音響起時，一位69
歲的老男人似乎返老還童地開始在場邊跳起舞並擁抱每一個在他眼前經過的人。
這就是弗格森爵士，他就是會這樣像個幼稚的孩童一樣慶祝，更何況那當下曼聯成功的
以19座英超獎牌超越了長久以來的目標，也就是在英格蘭頂級聯賽拿下18座冠軍的利物浦
而這19座獎牌裡有12個是由弗格森從1986年開始率領曼聯之後拿到，更別提他還奪下了五
個足總盃冠軍。
5月28號，弗格森麾下的曼聯將要在與巴塞隆那隊的倫敦對決中，追尋隊史的第四個歐冠
冠軍獎盃，而這隊史上四個冠軍盃獎盃中將有三個是由弗格森領軍的曼聯所得。歷史上只
比皇家馬德里、AC米蘭和利物浦拿過的少。
(譯註：曼聯隊史拿過三次歐冠冠軍，分別1968年、1999年、2008年。而弗格森是在1986年
開始了他的曼聯主帥生涯至今。)
(譯註：皇馬擁有9座歐冠冠軍盃，AC米蘭7座，利物浦5座)
But the bare bones of United's record — and Ferguson's — tell barely half
the story. Analyses of sports clubs' commercial operations vary, depending on
who's doing them, but in 2010, Forbes magazine ranked United the most
valuable franchise in world sports, with an estimated worth of $1.8 billion —
more than that of the New York Yankees or Dallas Cowboys — and that was
before it signed a record $130 million shirt-sponsorship deal with insurance
company Aon. United's international fan base, measured in the tens of
millions (with much of it in Asia), is greater than that of any other team in
any other sport. Sponsors include Nike, a Turkish airline, a Thai beer, the
capital of South Korea, a Chilean winemaker and a bevy of telecommunications
companies spanning the globe. But the global reach of the brand has not come
at the expense of local loyalty. United's stadium at Old Trafford averages
attendance of some 75,000 a game, in a season 10 months long.
但曼聯或是說弗格森所創造的各式基本紀錄，才不過是這篇文章內容的一半。另一半我們
要來分析曼聯的營運吧。世界知名的富比士機構在2010年公布的排名中，曼聯以18億的分
紅排名第一，超越了美國職棒大聯盟的紐約洋基隊以及美式足球聯盟的達拉斯牛仔隊。
而曼聯在這次的統計後才與保險集團AON簽下了高達1.3億的球衣贊助合約，不然數字應該
會更高。
曼聯在全球的球迷人數預估有數千萬之譜，其中以亞洲球迷人數最多。不只是球迷人數多
曼聯的贊助商包括Nike、土耳其航空、泰國的SINGHA啤酒、智利的Concha y Toro葡萄酒、
沙烏地阿拉伯電信，甚至連韓國的首都-首爾都跟曼聯簽下了贊助合約。而在英國本土，
曼聯的球場每場都有將近75000人的觀眾入場欣賞曼聯的比賽，更是直接剌激了當地產業
的成長。
(譯註3：Forbes：The World’s Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2011
http://ppt.cc/WB4h )
(譯註4：曼聯贊助商一覽：http://ppt.cc/7qFS )
It's an astonishing record, but it's also a bit of a mystery. Manchester is
an O.K. sort of a place, the cradle of the Industrial Revolution, with a
famous club scene and a concert hall uniquely named after an economic theory,
but it's not a capital city or a megalopolis. So how did this town in the
northwest of England manage to produce one of the age's true global brands?
And — even more mysterious — how has a single man, over 24 years, been able
to sustain such excellence in his teams at a time when the social, economic,
technological and competitive environment of his sport has been transformed,
turning it into perhaps the only spectacle that the world truly holds in
common?
The story starts with a tragedy.
在這種種驚人數據背後，透露出一點點的令人難以理解的事實。曼徹斯特本身就只是個
不出眾的城市。也許它是現代工業革命的搖籃，也擁有一個很知名的足球場，還有一個以
經濟學理論命名的音樂廳，但它並不是一個國家或都會區的首都。那究竟是什麼原因讓這
個在英格蘭西北部的城市發展出這個世代最知名的品牌？更令人不解的是，到底怎樣才能
讓單單一個人，在歷經了24年當中無論是社會、經濟、技術和競爭環境的不斷變遷，還能
調教出也許是這世上最精彩的一支隊伍？
這故事從一個悲劇開始說起。
Making the Legend Live
On the evening of Feb. 6, 1958, a chartered plane carrying United's young
team — England's champions, known as the Busby Babes, after their manager,
Matt Busby — stopped off in Munich on its way back from Belgrade, where
United had drawn with Red Star, securing a place in the semifinals of the
European Cup (the precursor to the Champions League). Conditions were dire,
with slush on the runway and snow in the air, but after two failed attempts
to take off, the pilots tried again. The plane never made it, clipping a
house at the end of the runway and crashing. Seven of United's players were
among those who died in the crash. An eighth, Duncan Edwards, just 21, who
men of a certain age will tell you with iron conviction was the greatest
footballer England ever produced, died two weeks later. Busby was terribly
injured and was administered last rites but survived.
1958年的二月六號，曼聯球員剛與貝爾格來德紅星隊打完了一場歐洲賽事，準備返回英國
的時候，他們搭乘一架從前南斯拉夫首都貝爾格來德起飛的飛機。這架載滿著曼聯球員的
飛機，在中途停靠德國慕尼黑之後準備第三度嚐試起飛時，滑出了跑道撞上了一旁的房子
七名球員當場身亡，而重傷的21歲球員鄧肯．愛德華茲，還來不及成為當時人們預言的偉
大球員，在加護病房待了兩個星期後也過世了。當時的主教練，巴斯比，就是培養出著名
的巴斯比寶貝的那位曼聯傳奇教父，在多次的急救後奇蹟般康復，並繼續執教球隊。
(譯者註：巴斯比爵士在老特拉福德球場前的雕像 http://ppt.cc/zQzS )
The horror shocked Britain. Even those who didn't follow football or weren't
from Manchester had loved the Babes, who had brought a sense of glamour to a
nation that was still struggling to lift itself from the drabness of the
postwar years. I was just 6 at the time, and the Munich disaster was the
first time I realized that really bad things could happen. We lived in the
suburbs of Liverpool — both my parents had been born in the streets next to
Liverpool's stadium — so United wasn't our team. But our next-door
neighbors, a retired railroad worker and his wife, were big United fans, and
I can remember, when I got home from school the day the news broke, feeling a
child's surprise at seeing adults so visibly distressed. A few weeks later,
we all crowded into the only house on our street with a TV to watch United's
second string try to win the FA Cup, only to cruelly lose to Bolton Wanderers.
在慕尼黑發生的空難震驚了英國上下。就算不熱愛足球，或說不是曼聯的球迷，也為這批
在二次大戰後替英國社會注入了些許生氣的足球員的死傷感到難過。慕尼黑空難讓當時只
有六歲的我(作者)了解到這世上不是完美的。因為家庭因素我(作者)不是個曼聯球迷，但
到今天我都能還記得空難事發當日，身為曼聯超級球迷的鄰居鐵路工一家人臉上那悲痛的
表情。幾個星期之後，透過了街上唯一一台的電視，我看到了那個不顧一切晉級到足總盃
決賽的曼聯，但是結果卻是殘酷的，曼聯被博爾頓擊敗了。
(譯者註：慕尼黑空難當時的報紙頭條 http://ppt.cc/11S_ )
Yet out of the ashes, Busby rebuilt the club. By the mid-1960s, he had formed
a thrilling new team around three players known in United legend as "the Holy
Trinity": George Best, Denis Law and Bobby Charlton, who was just 20 when he
was hauled from the wreckage of Munich. Even I, a die-hard Liverpool fan
(which is why this article is written through gritted teeth) loved seeing
them play. In 1968, 10 years after Munich, they positively murdered
Portuguese champions Benfica to become the first English side to win the
European Cup. As the game ended, Busby marched across the field to embrace
Charlton, two survivors united in a moment of shared joy and grief.
明天的太陽依舊會升起，的確，巴斯比爵士重建了曼聯。在1960年代中期，有三位被球迷
稱為「the Holy Trinity」的英格蘭傳奇球星 - 喬治貝斯特、丹尼斯勞，當然還有那個
在空難中大難不死的博比查爾頓，撐起了曼聯復興大業的旗秩。就算我(作者)是個死忠的
利物浦球迷(作者按：這也就是為什麼寫這篇文章時會那麼不爽了)，我也超愛看他們三個
踢球的。在1968年，也就是慕尼黑空難的十年後，曼聯擊敗了當時的歐陸強權本菲卡奪得
了隊史第一座歐冠獎盃。
比賽結束了，巴斯比爵士走向了球場並給博比查爾頓一個大大的擁抱，這一幕，兩位大難
不死的倖存者，象徵了曼聯從毀滅走向了新生。
(譯者註：the Trinity在老特拉福德前的雕像 http://ppt.cc/6aAg
由左至右分別是George Best、Dannis Law、Bobby Charlton
其中博比查爾頓仍在世，並持續積極參與曼聯隊內事務)
靠，還在世就有人幫你立銅像，超威。
(待續)
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