1.Introduction to algal characteristics and diversity:
a. worldwide ＞ 30000sp.
b. Alga (pl. algae) －
Linnaeus(1764)－the lower forms of plants induces many highly heterogenous
(不均質的) group of primitive photosynthesis organisms.
Definition
(1) chlorophyll bearing organism－thallus葉狀體
(2) nonvascular organism－thallophyta
exception: Kelp(大型海藻,褐藻) with root-like, stem-like and leaf-like
structure and unmature vascular system.
(3) Gametangia
Unicellular,
Without sterile(不孕的) jacket[無保護構造], without embryo relatively
undifferentiated.
2.Distribution
(1) Aquatic fresh water salt water brackish water.
(2) Semiagaric (半水性的)
(3) Terrestrial
(4) symbiotic－lichen, plant, animal
(5) snow → 70℃ or more
3.Classification of algae
(1) pigmentation
(2)Stored food (polysaccfaride reserve)
(3)Cell wall
(4)Flagella
Prokaryotic algae
Cyanophta
Prochlorophyta
Eukaryotic algae
Glaucophyta
Chlorophyta
Charophyta
Euglenphyta
Rhodophyta
Cryptphyta
Phaeophyta褐藻
Chrysphyta
Pyrrhophyta
Haptophyta
4.Diversity of photosynthesis pigment, structure and evolution of chloroplast
5.Reserve carbohydrates.
6.Flagella
apical 頭頂 ex. chlorophyta
Subapical
Lateral ex. Phaeophyto
External morphology:
(1) whiplash flagellum (acronemes) 光滑的鞭毛
(2) tinsil flagellum (mastigonemes) 有許多纖毛的鞭毛
internal structure: 9+2 type, animal-like
7.Diversity of cellular organization
unicellular
colonial 群體的
tubular 管狀的
filamentous 絲狀的
parenchymatous － membranous [parenchyma:薄壁組織]
color－green, yellow-green, golden-brown, brown, reddish-purple
8.Reproduction
Asexual reproduction:
fragmentation 斷裂
zoospore (motile)
aplanospores (nonmotile)
Sexual reproduction:
Plasmogamy (union of cytoplasm) 胞質結合
Karyogamy (union of nuclei) 核結合
Isogamy (two identical gametes fuse in water) 同型
Heterogamy
Anisogamy (one large and one small gamete fuse in water)
Oogamy (antheridia－sperm, oogonia－egg)
－homothallic－sex occur on one individual 同體授精
－heterothallic－sex segregated and on different individual
9.Algal life cycle－three type: (homework)
(1) Zygotic life cycle
(zytoic meiosis, Monobiotic, haploid, M, d)
(2) Gametic life cycle 行成配子時減數分裂
(gametic meiosis, Monobiotic, diploid, M,d)
(3) Sporic life cycle 雙體生活
(sporic meiosis, Diplobiotic, haploid + diploid, D, h +d )
a. Alternation of isomorphic generation 同型世代 ex:石蓴
b. Alternation of heteromorphic generation 異型世代
[alternation of generation: 世代交替]
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