Utilization of blue-green algae as food:
1. China－Nostoc commune
2. Japan－Aphanothece sacrum
Nostoc verrucosum
Nostoc commune
Brachytrichia
3. Africa－Spirulina
Calcinm carbonate deposition and fossil record:
Fossil stomatolites 疊層石、墊藻岩
1 billion year old
Cell resemble syanobactiria
四.Division Glaucophyta
It has endosymbiotic blue-green algae (cyanelles) in the cytoplasm instead
in chloroplasts.
Between cyanobacteria and other algae and higher plant.
One class: Gloucophyceae, three genera
1. fresh water
2. eukaryotic, unicellular, flagellate.
3. cells dorsiventral, dorsal side rounded, ventral side flat.
4. flagella unequal, "9+2" type
5. chloroplast (cyanell)
(1) blue-green
(2) thin vestigial peptidoglycan wall
－endosymbiotic origins of chloroplast
(3) unstacked thylakoids bearing phycobilisome
(4) a functional chloroplast, not an endocymbiotic cyanophyte
6. pigmentation
(1) chlorophyll a (without b or c)
(2) carotenoid
(3) phycobilisome－phcocyanin,
allophycocyanin.
7. chloroplast DAN
(1) circular
(2) 1/10 genomes of free-living blue-green algae
(3) carboxysome 光合作用時的微小體
8. reserve polysaccharide
－starch, outside of chloroplast
(like Rhodophyta)
9. Representative: cyanophora
Glaucocystis
五. Rhodophytta
A. General characteristics
1. mostly marine
2. pigmentation
chlorophyll a (d)→可能是其他色素的衍生物
phycoerythrin 藻紅素
phycocyanin 藻藍素
allophycocanin 異藻藍素
color: red→purple→black
3. food serve: floridean starch (about 15 glucose)
4. vegetative cell:
(1) uninucleate
multinucleate
(2) pit connection
(3) cell wall:
inner－cellulose
outer－gelatinous material (agar)
5. plant body－
unicellular
colonial
filamentous and foliaceous
membranous
6. life cycle: non-motilestage
(1) biphasic life cycle (a few)
Type M,h, zygotic meiosis→tetraspore (n)
Gametophyte (n)
Carposporophytye (2n)
Tetrasporophyte (2n)
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