新聞從業人士者寫的跟研究人員寫的, 可能帶給讀者的感受會有相當大的不同,
比方研究報告就不會用"胎兒頭大=智力較高"這種標題殺人式的寫法
建議大家看完這篇文章以後, 再來對新聞稿件或研究本身分開評論. 以下附上摘要.
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/abstract/118/4/1486
The Influence of Head Growth in Fetal Life, Infancy, and Childhood on
Intelligence at the Ages of 4 and 8 Years
Catharine R. Gale, PhDa, Finbar J. O'Callaghan, PhDb, Maria Bredow, MBChBc,
Christopher N. Martyn, DPhila and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and
Children Study Team
a Medical Research Council Epidemiology Resource Centre, University of
Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
b Departments of Paediatric Neurology
c Community Child Health, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol,
United Kingdom
OBJECTIVE. We investigated the effects of head growth prenatally, during
infancy, and during later periods of development on cognitive function at the
ages of 4 and 8 years.
METHODS. We studied 633 term-born children from the Avon Longitudinal Study
of Parents and Children cohort whose head circumference was measured at birth
and at regular intervals thereafter. Their cognitive function was assessed
with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence at the age of 4
years and with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children at the age of 8
years. Linear regression analysis was used to calculate postnatal head growth
between successive time points, conditional on previous size, and to examine
the relationship between head growth during different periods of development
and later IQ.
RESULTS. When the influence of head growth was distinguished for different
periods, only prenatal growth and growth during infancy were associated with
subsequent IQ. At 4 years, after adjustment for parental characteristics,
full-scale IQ increased an average of 2.41 points for each 1-SD increase in
head circumference at birth and 1.97 points for each 1-SD increase in head
growth during infancy, conditional on head size at birth. At 8 years, head
circumference at birth was no longer associated with IQ, but head growth
during infancy remained a significant predictor, with full-scale IQ
increasing an average of 1.56 points for each 1-SD increase in growth.
CONCLUSION. The brain volume a child achieves by the age of 1 year helps
determine later intelligence. Growth in brain volume after infancy may not
compensate for poorer earlier growth.
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