推 battlee:肥鬼!~ 12/21 01:42
推 pagoda:肥肥 認真唷~ 12/21 18:07
assays of 郭敏玲
List 4 different points for the DNA rearrangement between
immunoglobulin and T cell receptor genes.
Ig TCR
somatic hypermutation o x
N-nucleotide addition heavy chain both heavy/light chain
class switch o x
one turn-two turn rule V-D-J V-D-D-....-D-J
(VJthe same) (VJ different)
Please describe the experiment that demonstrated the T cells were
responsible for carrier effect.
將X光照過的老鼠取來, 一隻注入DNP-BSA , 一支注入BGG
a.取2者spleen cells注入另一隻也被X光照過的老鼠身上
b.將BGG混合 anti-thy-1, complement 再和DNP-BSA 注入和前面synergy之老鼠
c.將DNP-BSA混合 anti-thy-1, complement 再和 BGG注入同前之synergy老鼠
將以上3個都加入DNP-BGG, 觀察是否和DNP形成次級反應
結果 a: + b:- c:+
因hapten需要和carrier共同作用才可引發反應, 而將T cell由carrier中消滅後
無法形成反應 故可證明其中要達成次級反應要T cell的參與
Superantigens have been implicated in several diseases and have been
useful as research tools. (6%)
1.What properties of superantigens distinguish them from conventional
antigens?
可以活化多種淋巴球
會和MHC 的 α chain 和TCR的Vβdomain
2.By what mechanism are bacterial superantigens thought to cause
symptoms associated with food poisoning and toxic-shock syndrome?
因為他活化了大量淋巴球會形成 cytokine storm
3.Does the activity of superantigens exhibit MHC restriction?
No.
How do T cells provide competent and progression signals in B-cell
activation?
antigen + mIg : signal 1, 使得MHC和B7表現增加而被TCR辨識並結合
之後T cell被刺激表現出CD40L 會和 B cell 上的CD40結合: signal 2
同時, B7會和T cell 上的CD28結合刺激了T cell進一步釋放cytokine
competence:G0-G1
progression:G1-S1
寫出兩種apoptosis路徑(不會)
1.Fas-mediated route:
FasL-Fas
↓
Procap8 → cap8 (cap=caspase)
↓
Truncated Bid → mitochondria pathway → apoptosis
+
Procap3 → cap3 → apoptosis
2.TCR-mediated
(Truncated Bid →) Cytochrome C被釋放 + Apaf1
↓ +
Procap9 → cap9 → apoptosome
↓
Procap3 → cap3 → apoptosis
B cell negative selection
如果B cell產生之抗體會自我辨識, 則會在骨髓進行clonal deletion
當某種抗原不在骨髓中表現(tissue-specific)則會在peripheral lymphoid
tissue進行
Affinity maturation
germinal center 中的follicular dendritic cell會對B cell進行篩選
會傾向留下高親和力的B cell
assays of 周開平
Please elaborate the importance of the inducible expression of
co-stimulatory molecules for T and APC in the immune response.
當TCR-CD3 complex和antigenic peptide結合交互作用產生signal 1
接下來APC上的B7和TCR上的CD28(CTLA-4:活化之T cell會分泌)交互作用
提供了抗原非專一性的共同刺激訊號並會活化T cell(後者抑制T cell活化)
而signal 2會增加CTLA-4的表現而可以阻止CD28過度產生
如果缺乏此種刺激訊號會造成T cell 過度增殖導致淋巴節和脾臟腫大
不久後死亡
How is T cell self tolerance achieved in the central lymphoid organ?
在central lymphoid organ中, 會和自體抗原產生高親和力的T cell將會被
進行negative selection而被清除, 此即表現self-tolerant
How are T cells generated during T cell development?
pro-T cell-->pre-Tα -->pre-TCR-->double positive
-->double negative(γδ)T cell
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◆ From: 163.25.118.143
※ 編輯: thomasjr 來自: 163.25.115.30 (12/20 11:37)
※ 編輯: thomasjr 來自: 163.25.115.30 (12/20 12:37)