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Purves, Life 7e Chapter 03
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b Lipids in membranes are composed of
a. amino acids. b. glycerol attached to fatty acids.
c. proteins attached to sugars. d. phosphate groups attached to proteins.
e. polysaccharides.
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c A(n) ______ group is attached to the ___ carbon of the sugar molecule in a nucleic acid.
a. phosphate, 3' b. nucleotide, 3'
c. hydroxyl, 3' d. phosphate, 5'
e. amino, 5'
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e Which pair of nitrogenous bases is paired correctly?
a. A-C b. G-T
c. G-A d. C-T
e. A-T
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a What are the components of fats and oils?
a. Three fatty acids and one glycerol
b. Amino acids
c. Phosphate group and a glycerol
d. Three fatty acids, one glycerol, and a nitrogenous base
e. One very long fatty acid and one very long alcohol
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d All of the following elements are present in DNA except
a. oxygen. b. nitrogen.
c. carbon. d. sulfur.
e. phosphorus.
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a Polysaccharides, polypeptides, and nucleic acids
a. are formed from condensation reactions.
b. are small biomolecules.
c. are primarily composed of fatty acids.
d. all contain nitrogen.
e. are all insoluble in water.
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c Carbohydrates such as starch, glycogen and cellulose are
a. disaccharides. b. monosaccharides.
c. polysaccharides. d. oligosaccharides.
e. None of the above
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c The composition of a protein refers to the
a. number of polypeptide chains the protein has.
b. three-dimensional shape of the protein.
c. different amino acids the protein contains.
d. size of the protein.
e. function of the protein.
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c The structure of lipids
a. is identical to amino acid structure.
b. is composed solely of three glycerol molecules.
c. is composed of three fatty acid molecules and one glycerol molecule.
d. does not allow fats and oils to store energy.
e. only occurs as saturated fatty acids.
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b What type of covalent bonds link the sulfur atoms of two molecules of the amino acid cysteine?
a. Hydrogen b. Disulfide
c. Phosphodiester d. Peptide
e. Ionic
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e The tertiary structure of a protein
a. is determined solely by the interactions between the R groups.
b. is unrelated to the function of the protein.
c. is derived from the secondary structure.
d. depends on covalent bonding among the subunits.
e. depends on the primary structures of the subunits.
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b Which of the following is not involved in maintaining the three-dimensional structure of a protein?
a. Hydrogen bonding between polar R groups
b. Covalent bonding between nitrogen-containing R groups
c. Covalent bonding between sulfur containing R groups
d. Hydrophobic interactions between nonpolar R groups
e. Ionic bonding between charged R groups
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b The precise amino acid sequence constitutes the
a. function of a protein. b. primary structure of a protein.
c. folding of a protein. d. structure and function of a protein.
e. function and folding of a protein.
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b Which of the following is not true of lipids?
a. They are insoluble in water. b. They contain polar covalent bonds.
c. They can store energy. d. They can act as electrical insulation.
e. They can act as thermal insulation in animals.
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c The primary structure of a protein is determined by its
a. disulfide bridges. b. helix structures.
c. order of amino acids d. degree of branching.
e. three-dimensional nature
Purves, Life 7e Chapter 04
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d The cytoskeleton has the following function(s):
a. Maintaining cell shape and support b. Providing a means of cell movement
c. Digesting foreign objects d. Both a and b
e. Both b and c
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c Which is not a component of the cytoskeleton?
a. Intermediate filaments b. Microfilaments
c. Microfibrils d. Microtubules
e. None of the above
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c Which of the following increase(s) the inner membrane surface area in the mitochondrion?
a. Matrix b. Villi
c. Cristae d. Outer membrane e. None of the above
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d Which statement about the extracellular matrices of the animal cell is true?
a. Their principal chemical components are polysaccharides.
b. They maintain the cell's shape and support.
c. They contain peptidoglycan.
d. They contribute to the physical properties of cartilage, skin and other tissues.
e. They consist of cellulose fibers.
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e The eukaryotic organelle where energy is converted to ATP is the
a. chloroplast. b. vacuole.
c. Golgi apparatus. d. nucleus. e. mitochondrion.
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d Eukaryotic flagella
a. are composed of a protein called flagellin.
b. rotate like propellers.
c. cause the cell to contract.
d. have the same internal structure as cilia.
e. cause the movement of chromosomes.
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c Which statement about the nucleus is not true?
a. It is the site of DNA replication.
b. It is the site of genetic control of the cell's activities.
c. It is the site for the synthesis of lipids and steroids.
d. It is the site where DNA combines with proteins to form chromatin.
e. It is the site where the nucleolus begins assembly of ribosomes.
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d Chemical modification of proteins takes place in the _______, whereas modification of lipids occurs in the _________.
a. golgi apparatus, mitochondria
b. lysosome, smooth endoplasmic reticulum
c. plasma membrane, golgi apparatus
d. golgi apparatus, smooth endoplasmic reticulum
e. smooth endoplasmic reticulum, rough endoplasmic reticulum
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e Which organelle is not found in the plant cell?
a. Glyoxysome b. Plastid
c. Chloroplast d. Water vacuole e. Centrioles
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a A role of the Golgi apparatus is to
a. package and modify proteins.
b. chemically modify small molecules taken in by the cell.
c. assemble ribosomes of protein and RNA.
d. produce ATP.
e. segregate newly synthesized mRNAs from the cytoplasm to other parts of the cell.
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c Which of these is a unique specialized structure of prokaryotic cells?
a. The nucleus b. The cytoplasm
c. Mesosomes d. The plasma membrane e. Ribosomes
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c Microtubules
a. stabilize cell shape. b. are composed of actin.
c. provide the motive force for cilia and flagella. d. collect toxic peroxides.
e. are involved in the formation of pseudopodia.
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c Which statement about the endoplasmic reticulum is not true?
a. It is of two types: rough and smooth.
b. It is a network of tubes and flattened sacs.
c. It is the site for the hydrolysis of glycogen in plant cells.
d. Some of it is sprinkled with ribosomes.
e. Parts of it modify proteins.
Purves, Life 7e Chapter 05
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e If a plant cell is put in an environment which is hypertonic to the cytoplasm, what will the net movement of water be?
a. Into the cell until the cell lyses
b. Out of the cell until the cell lyses
c. There will be no net movement in or out of the cell.
d. Into the cell increasing pressure within the cell but the cell wall will protect against lysis
e. Out of the cell causing the plant to wilt but no lysis
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c Starch, a polymer of glucose, remains inside plant cells because it
a. easily crosses the chloroplast and plasma membranes.
b. is a protein and so is a component of the membrane.
c. is too large to diffuse across the plasma membrane.
d. is complexed with proteins.
e. lacks the energy for active transport.
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d The phospholipid bilayer
a. is readily permeable to large, polar molecules.
b. is entirely hydrophobic.
c. is entirely hydrophilic.
d. contains other types of lipids embedded within it.
e. is made up of polymerized amino acids.
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c The component parts of an LDL molecule are
a. cholesterol, amino acids, and nucleic acids.
b. cholesterol, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.
c. cholesterol, amino acids, and fatty acids.
d. cholesterol, carbohydrates, and fatty acids.
e. None of the above
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a Ions diffuse across membranes down their
a. electrochemical gradients. b. electrogenic gradients.
c. electrical gradients. d. concentration gradients.
e. voltaic concentration gradients.
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c Glycoproteins and glycolipids are important for
a. facilitated diffusion. b. active transport.
c. cell-cell recognition. d. regulatory inhibition. e. cotransport.
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e In order to take in a molecule from the extracellular environment, a cell
a. uses receptors that are specific to the cell itself.
b. uses receptors that are specific to the molecule itself.
c. uses receptors to bind to the molecule.
d. Both a and b e. Both b and c
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a Which statement about membrane proteins is not true?
a. They all completely traverse the membrane.
b. Some serve as channels for ions to cross the membrane.
c. Many are free to migrate laterally within the membrane.
d. Their position in the membrane is determined by their tertiary structure.
e. Some play roles in photosynthesis.
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d Which statement about endocytosis is not true?
a. It involves the transport of large macromolecules, large particles, small molecules and small cells into the eukaryotic cell.
b. The plasma membrane invaginates around materials, forming a small pocket.
c. Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis.
d. Receptor-mediated endocytosis is used by plant cells to capture specific macromolecules.
e. Pinocytosis is a form of endocytosis that brings in small dissolved substances or fluids.
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a Which of the following statements describes the main difference between active and passive transport?
a. Active transport uses energy and passive transport does not.
b. Active transport is present in eukaryotic cells and passive transport is found in prokaryotic cells.
c. Active transport allows only small molecules to pass through the cell membrane, while passive transport allows any type of molecule, regardless of size or charge to pass through, without any carrier proteins.
d. There are no differences between active and passive transport.
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e Primary and secondary active transport both
a. generate ATP. b. are based on passive movement of sodium ions.
c. require the passive movement of glucose molecules. d. use ATP directly.
e. can move solutes against their concentration gradients using ATP directly or indirectly.
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b Large molecules such as globular proteins primarily move into cells by
a. diffusion. b. endocytosis.
c. exocytosis. d. active transport. e. facilitated transport by a gated channel.
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e Facilitated diffusion
a. is a form of active transport that allows solute molecules to diffuse through by means of carrier proteins.
b. only occurs as uniport transport.
c. is a form of active transport that allows solute molecules to diffuse through by means of oligosaccharides.
d. is a form of passive transport that allows solute molecules to diffuse through by means of oligosaccharides.
e. is a form of passive transport that allows solute molecules to diffuse through by means of carrier proteins.
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b Which statement about tight junctions is true?
a. They are made solely of protein.
b. They are barriers to the passage of molecules between cells.
c. They block communication between adjacent cells.
d. They allow cells to adhere strongly to one another.
e. They allow the migration of membrane proteins and phospholipids from one region of the cell to another.
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a Which of the following is an actual difference between passive and active transport?
a. They have different energy requirements.
b. Active transport involves the use of membrane proteins while passive transport does not.
c. Passive transport is always unidirectional and active transport can involve bi directional transport.
d. Passive transport moves molecules against their concentration gradients while active transport moves molecules with their concentration gradients.
e. Passive transport requires that the transported molecule be lipid-soluble while active transport does not.
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b What causes the receptors to dissociate from the LDL particle?
a. A drop in temperature b. A drop in pH
c. A rise in viscosity d. Both a and b e. Both b and c
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c Membrane phospholipids
a. are dissolved in the cytosol of the cell.
b. are totally surrounded by membrane proteins in a "sandwich."
c. encircle the cell in a double layer.
d. have their nonpolar regions facing the cell exterior.
e. have phosphates ionically bound to polar lipids.
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d Amphipathic molecules
a. have hydrophillic and hydrophobic regions.
b. include phospholipids and integral membrane proteins.
c. may be held to one another by hydrophobic interactions.
d. All of the above
e. are strictly hydrophobic.
Purves, Life 7e Chapter 06
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d Which of the following statements about energy is true?
a. All molecules have the same energy content.
b. ADP has more energy than ATP.
c. Oxidized compounds have more free energy than reduced compounds.
d. Reduced compounds have more free energy than oxidized compounds.
e. Substances capable of oxidation require ATP hydrolysis.
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d Which statement about pH effects on enzyme activity is not true?
a. Decreasing or increasing pH from optimum may reduce the activity of an enzyme.
b. Most biochemical reactions have an optimum pH range.
c. If a pH change occurs, the enzyme may no longer have the correct shape to bind to its substrate.
d. In neutral or acidic solutions, carboxyl groups release H+ and become negatively charged carboxylate groups.
e. In neutral or acidic solutions, amino groups accept H+ and become positively charged ammonium groups.
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c Which statement about ATP is not true?
a. ATP gains and transfers free energy needed by the cell to do work.
b. ATP can be converted into a building block for DNA and RNA.
c. The hydrolysis of ATP is endergonic and yields ADP.
d. ATP can phosphorylate.
e. ATP consists of adenine bonded to ribose, which is attached to three phosphate groups.
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c Which statement about irreversible inhibition of enzymes is true?
a. The inhibitor can bind non covalently to the enzyme's active site.
b. Inhibitors are classified as either competitive or non competitive.
c. The inhibitor can create a covalent bond and permanently inactivate the enzyme.
d. The inhibitor and substrate compete since only one can bind to the active site.
e. The inhibitor may bind to a site away from the active site and change the enzyme's shape.
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e Which statement about thermodynamics is not true?
a. Free energy is given off in an exergonic reaction.
b. Free energy can be used to do work.
c. A spontaneous reaction is exergonic.
d. Free energy tends always to a minimum.
e. Entropy tends always to a minimum.
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c The overall reaction: glucose + O2 + CO2 + H2O + energy
a. can occur in biological systems without enzymes. b. is endergonic.
c. is exergonic. d. occurs in a single step in cells.
e. transforms glucose molecules to a higher energy state.
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b Which statement about kinetic energy is true?
a. It is stored energy. b. It is the energy of movement.
c. It does not alter the state or motion of matter.
d. Water stored behind a dam is an example.
e. It can be stored in chemical bonds.
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d The rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction
a. is constant under all conditions. b. decreases as substrate concentration increases.
c. cannot be measured. d. can be affected by the pH of the environment.
e. can be increased by inhibitors.
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d Enzymes are
a. biological catalysts that bind specific reactant molecules.
b. a type of protein. c. catalysts that lower the activation energy of a reaction.
d. All of the above e. None of the above
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e Which of the following is not part of the second law of thermodynamics?
a. When energy is converted from one form to another, some of that energy becomes unavailable to do work.
b. Not all energy can be used.
c. If needed free energy is not available, the reaction does not occur.
d. As a result of energy conversions, disorder tends to increase.
e. The total energy before the transformation equals the total energy after the transformation.
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d Which of the following statements concerning enzymes is false?
a. In the absence of an enzyme, the two types of substrate molecules react very slowly.
b. Enzymes speed up the rate of a chemical reaction.
c. The active site of an enzyme holds the substrate molecules in the correct orientation, which increases the opportunity to form products.
d. Non-competitive inhibitors increase the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.
e. A competitive inhibitor binds at the active site.
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d Which of the following is a characteristic of a coenzyme?
a. Coenzymes contain inorganic ions.
b. Coenzymes are usually larger than the enzyme to which they bind.
c. Coenzymes are permanently bound to the enzyme.
d. Coenzymes must collide with the enzyme to bind to its active site.
e. Coenzymes include the heme group that is attached to the oxygen-carrying protein in hemoglobin.
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a The optimal temperature of all enzymes in a single organism falls within a small range.
a. true b. false
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d Which of the following statements concerning enzymes is true?
a. Molecular structure does not determine enzyme function.
b. Binding at the active site allows the enzyme to always retain its shape.
c. Enzymes function on their own; they never need cofactors or any sort of regulation.
d. Some enzymes change shape when substrate binds to them.
e. Non-competitive inhibitors compete for the active site.
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