推 ywwang:之前也有人做過相關性研究 12/14 18:08
→ mulkcs:同一個作者 XD 12/14 19:00
推 ywwang:哈 一時不察 XDD 12/14 19:44
推 circadian:Maguire很喜歡拿倫敦計程車司機當受試者 12/15 13:27
→ circadian:1997年就有一篇探討計程車司機空間記憶與右海馬迴關連 12/15 13:28
Current Biology的研究指出受訓並考過駕駛執照的倫敦小黃駕駛有著比較大的海馬的灰質
體積,但受訓沒考過駕照的就不會有這個現象.
也就是說, 受過訓練的小黃駕駛在大腦結構上會有改變, 單單這樣好像沒什麼稀奇,
但這會是一個後天訓練改變大腦結構的一個有力證明.
原文:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096098221101267X
Summary:
The last decade has seen a burgeoning of reports associating brain structure
with specific skills and traits (e.g., [ [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] ,
[7] and [8] ]). Although these cross-sectional studies are informative, cause
and effect are impossible to establish without longitudinal investigation of
the same individuals before and after an intervention. Several longitudinal
studies have been conducted (e.g., [ [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] ,
[15] , [16] , [17] and [18] ]); some involved children or young adults,
potentially conflating brain development with learning, most were restricted
to the motor domain, and all concerned relatively short timescales (weeks or
months). Here, by contrast, we utilized a unique opportunity to study
average-IQ adults operating in the real world as they learned, over four
years, the complex layout of London's streets while training to become
licensed taxi drivers. In those who qualified, acquisition of an internal
spatial representation of London was associated with a selective increase in
gray matter (GM) volume in their posterior hippocampi and concomitant changes
to their memory profile. No structural brain changes were observed in
trainees who failed to qualify or control participants. We conclude that
specific, enduring, structural brain changes in adult humans can be induced
by biologically relevant behaviors engaging higher cognitive functions such
as spatial memory, with significance for the “nature versus nurture”debate.
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