Re: [資訊] China’s Great Shame

[neuralandre (七彩喇叭手)]

※ 引述《inebriety (酩酊)》之銘言：
: 楊繼繩
: google了一下作者是中國人，職業是記者、教授。
: 他po在今天紐約時報上，翻成中國的奇恥大辱好了。
: 到底大躍進是死幾人阿，怎麼死的人數都差很多？

在3000萬人左右   共和國當年人口的1/15

當時中國既無外敵入侵   也沒有大規模天災   還是餓死了三千萬人

比抗戰死的還多的多

真不知道那些拿著槍桿子指著農民的頭

把農民最後的保命糧從手裡挖走的黨官嘴臉是如何



: http://tinyurl.com/bxpcn33
: THIRTY-SIX million people in China, including my uncle, who raised me like a
: father, starved to death between 1958 and 1962, during the man-made calamity
: known as the Great Famine. In thousands of cases, desperately hungry people
: resorted to cannibalism.
: The toll was more than twice the number of fallen in World War I, and about
: six times the number of Ukrainians starved by Stalin in 1932-33 or the number
: of Jews murdered by Hitler during World War II.
: After 50 years, the famine still cannot be freely discussed in the place
: where it happened. My book “Tombstone” could be published only in Hong
: Kong, Japan and the West. It remains banned in mainland China, where
: historical amnesia looms large and government control of information and
: expression has tightened during the Communist Party’s 18th National
: Congress, which began last week and will conclude with a once-in-a-decade
: leadership transition.
: Those who deny that the famine happened, as an executive at the state-run
: newspaper People’s Daily recently did, enjoy freedom of speech, despite
: their fatuous claims about “three years of natural disasters.” But no
: plague, flood or earthquake ever wrought such horror during those years. One
: might wonder why the Chinese government won’t allow the true tale to be
: told, since Mao’s economic policies were abandoned in the late 1970s in
: favor of liberalization, and food has been plentiful ever since.
: The reason is political: a full exposure of the Great Famine could undermine
: the legitimacy of a ruling party that clings to the political legacy of Mao,
: even though that legacy, a totalitarian Communist system, was the root cause
: of the famine. As the economist Amartya Sen has observed, no major famine has
: ever occurred in a democracy.
: In Mao’s China, the coercive power of the state penetrated every corner of
: national life. The rural population was brought under control by a thorough
: collectivization of agriculture. The state could then manage grain
: production, requisitioning and distributing it by decree. Those who tilled
: the earth were locked in place by a nationwide system of household
: registration, and food coupons issued to city dwellers supplanted the market.
: The peasants survived at the pleasure of the state.
: The Great Leap Forward that Mao began in 1958 set ambitious goals without the
: means to meet them. A vicious cycle ensued; exaggerated production reports
: from below emboldened the higher-ups to set even loftier targets. Newspaper
: headlines boasted of rice farms yielding 800,000 pounds per acre. When the
: reported abundance could not actually be delivered, the government accused
: peasants of hoarding grain. House-to-house searches followed, and any
: resistance was put down with violence.
: Meanwhile, since the Great Leap Forward mandated rapid industrialization,
: even peasants’ cooking implements were melted down in the hope of making
: steel in backyard furnaces, and families were forced into large communal
: kitchens. They were told that they could eat their fill. But when food ran
: short, no aid came from the state. Local party cadres held the rice ladles, a
: power they often abused, saving themselves and their families at the expense
: of others. Famished peasants had nowhere to turn.
: In the first half of 1959, the suffering was so great that the central
: government permitted remedial measures, like allowing peasant families to
: till small private plots of land for themselves part time. Had these
: accommodations persisted, they might have lessened the famine’s impact. But
: when Peng Dehuai, then China’s defense minister, wrote Mao a candid letter
: to say that things weren’t working, Mao felt that both his ideological
: stance and his personal power were being challenged. He purged Peng and
: started a campaign to root out “rightist deviation.” Remedial measures like
: the private plots were rolled back, and millions of officials were
: disciplined for failing to toe the radical line.
: The result was starvation on an epic scale. By the end of 1960, China’s
: total population was 10 million less than in the previous year.
: Astonishingly, many state granaries held ample grain that was mostly reserved
: for hard currency-earning exports or donated as foreign aid; these granaries
: remained locked to the hungry peasants. “Our masses are so good,” one party
: official said at the time. “They would rather die by the roadside than break
: into the granary.”
: As a journalist and a scholar of contemporary history, I felt a duty to find
: out how the Great Famine happened and why. Starting in the 1990s, I visited
: more than a dozen provinces, interviewed over a hundred witnesses, and
: collected thousands of documents. Since the Great Famine was a forbidden
: topic, I could get access to archives only under the pretext of “researching
: agricultural policies” or “studying the food issue.”
: Communist leaders established a vast system of slavery in the name of
: liberating mankind. It was promoted as the “road to paradise,” but in fact
: it was a road to perdition.
: I intended my book to be a memorial to the 36 million victims, but also a
: literal tombstone, anticipating the ultimate demise of the totalitarian
: political system that caused the Great Famine. I was mindful of the risks in
: this endeavor: if something happens to me because I tried to preserve a
: truthful memory, then let the book stand as my tombstone, too.
: Yang Jisheng, deputy editor of the historical journal Yanhuang Chunqiu and a
: former editor at the Xinhua News Agency, is the author of “Tombstone: The
: Great Chinese Famine, 1958-1962.” This essay was translated by Guo Jian from
: the Chinese.

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