普化考古題 我的答案

[loshihyen (瘦瘦)]

※ [本文轉錄自 loshihyen 信箱]

作者: [e-mail] ([e-mail])
標題: [轉錄][蔚藍] 普化考古....
時間: Sun Apr 23 16:28:39 2006

試題 :

1.Provide chemical formulas for the following materials: (10%)
  (1)tin(IV) oxide                          SnO2
  (2)ferrous sulfate                        FeSO4
  (3)sodium crabonate                       Na2CO3
  (4)dinitrogen pentoxide                   N2O5
  (5)hypochlorous acid                      HClO2
  (6)hydrochloric acid                      HCl
  (7)ammonium hydroxide                     NH4OH
  (8)lithium perchlorate trihydrate         LiClO4‧3H2O
  (9)thiosulfuric acid                      H2S2O3
  (10)acetic acid                           CH3COOH

2.Fill up the following blank: (10%)
  (1)1 atmosphere=_760_mmHg=_1.013_bar;1 mbar=_0.750_torr.

  (2)A neutral atom of element "X" has 12 eletrons.Its atomic number is _12_,
     with _12_ protons in the nucleus.Its approximate atomic mass is _24amu_.
     Its oxidation state is normally expected tp be _4+_.

  (3)1.5 femtosecond=_1.5E-15_second;0.20 μg= _2E-7_g;9.0 GHz=_9E9_cps.

3.Briefly explain or distinguish the following terms: (20%)
  (1)cathode and anode
     cathode:Electrode at which reduction takes place.
     anode: Electrode at which oxidation takes place.

  (2)homogeneous and heterogeneous mixture
     homogeneous mixture:

  (3)endothermic and exothermic reation  (4)enthalpy and entropy
  (5)extensive and intensive properties  (6)redox reactions
  (7)mass number and atomic weight  (8)State function
  (9)sbsorption and emission spectra  (10)a quantum and a photon

4.For each of the following physical quantities give the order of magnitude
  and dimensions by citing common units: (10%)
  (1)ideal gas constant  (2)Boltzmann constant  (3)Plank's constant
  (4)visible lights(in wavelength)  (5)temperature of liquid nitrogen bath

5.Write the mathematical expressions (5%)
  (1)the Boyles law  (2)Dalton's law of partical pressures
  (3)Einstein equation for equivalence of mass and energy
  (4)de Broglie's equation  (5)Energy levels of Bohr's H-atom

6.Answer the following quetions: (27%)
  (1)According to the Kinetic Molecular Theory,what is the average
     translational kinetic energy of the gas molecules at constant temperature
     T?
  (2)In compared under the same conditions,how much faster than helium does
     hydrogen effuse through a tiny hole?
  (3)What volume of 0.210 M NaOH is required to neutralize 20.0 mL of 0.1050 M
     HCl in an acid-base titration?
  (4)Calculate the density of methane gas at 25。C and 1 atm.
  (5)How many liters of oxygen gas are consumed for every 10.0 L of CO2(g)
     produced in the combustion of liquid pentane,if all volumes are measured
     at STP?Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction and do
     calculation.
  (6)State the three laws of thermodynamics in words or by using equations.
  (7)A visible light has a wavelength of 600.0 nm.calculate the frequency and
     the energy.Would ot produce the photoeletric effect in potassium? (Given
     the threshold frequency is 5*10^14 Hz)
  (8)Explain qualitatively why the endotheric decomposition of calcium
     carbonate to calcium oxide and carbon dioxides is spontaneous at high
     temperature but not at room temperature.
  (9)At its normal boiling point,the enthalpy of vaporization of pentadecane
     is 49.45 kJ/mol.What should its approximate normal boiling temperature be
     ?

7.The three numbers on the fertilizer label are the NPK designation.They
  indicate the nitrogen content expressed as % N,the phosphorus content
  expressed as % P2O5,and the potassium content expressed as % K2O.The use of
  mass percentage based on oxides is a holdover from the way compositions were
  reported in the early days of analytical chemistry.Answer the following
  quetions: (8%)
  (1)What are the percentages of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in 5-15-10
     fertilizer?
  (2)What is the NPK designation for pure KH2PO4?
  (3)It is desired to make a 20-20-20 fertilizer using KNO3,NH4NO3,NaH2PO4,and
     an inert ingredient(sand).If this can be done,give the relative mass of
     each of the ingredients present.If this can not be done,show why this is
     the cass.
  Given atomic mass:N,14.00;P,30.97;K,39.10;Na,22.99;O,16.00

8.For synthesis of 1 mole ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen, (10%)
  (1)Write the balanced chemical equation
  (2)Calculate ΔH。,ΔS。,ΔG。 and the equilibrium constant Kp at 25。C by
     using the thermodynamic data given below.
     entropy in J/K: N2(g),191.61;H2(g),130.68;NH3(g),192.45
     enthalpy of formation,ΔHf。[NH3(g)]=-46.11 KJ/mole
  (3)From a thermodynamic point of view,is the reaction spontaneous at 25。C?
  (4)Does high temperature make the reaction more or less spontaneous?



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