Re: [文法] 幾個句子

[ashurali (折斷天使的翅膀)]

一些想法和查到的資料想和大家討論
※ 引述《invisibleya (inv)》之銘言：
: 1. Nutritionists recommend that each individual take sufficient amounts
:    of vitamin C so that may he may not contract svurvy as well as other
:    diseases attributed to the lack of the nutrient.
:    第一行中的take是否應該要用第三人稱單數 即takes
文法書中多半會提到下面幾個動詞用法有些特別：
             ┌ suggest ┐
             │ propose │                ┌ should + infinitive
其句型是 S + │recommend│ + (that) + S + │ infinitive
             │ insist  │                └ V (past form)
             └ demand  ┘                 [the subjunctive]
                -----------------可以跳過-----------------
The subjunctive mood is a verb mood typically used in dependent clauses to
express a wish, emotion, possibility, judgment, opinion, necessity, or action
that has not yet occurred. (from Wikipedia)
                 [to own]                   [to be]
 Present         I own                      I am
  indicative     he/she/it owns             he/she/it is
                 we/you/they own            we/you/they are
 Present         I own                      I be
  subjunctive    he/she/it own              he/she/it be
                 we/you/they own            we/you/they be
 Past            I owned                    I was
  indicative     he/she/it owned            he/she/it was
                 we/you/they owned          we/you/they ware
 Past            I owned                    I were
  subjunctive    he/she/it owned            he/she/it were
                 we/you/they owned          we/you/they were
 Future          I will/shall own           I will/shall be
  indicative     he/she/it will own         he/she/it will be
                 we/you/they will/shall own we/you/they will be
 Future          I were to own              I were to be
  subjunctive    he/she/it were to own      he/she/it were to be
                 we/you/they were to own    we/you/they were to be
                 -----------------可以跳過-----------------
所以題目中的take不需用takes
但我沒看到書上說這些動詞不允許用一般的that clause形式，也就是你寫的這個問題
不過我也沒看過說可以用的說法就是了，另外會有文法的題目將 -s 的選項視作錯的

補充一下，後面也不能 + somebody to do something，不像ask, tell
好像文法中也常考這個規則，但我也沒在書上看到為什麼不能用

另外suggestion/proposal/recommendation
    important/vital/necessary/essential/desirable/imperative
後面也可以用that (should) infinitive的形式
例：What do you think of Jane's suggestion that I should buy a car?
    It's essential that you should be here on time.

: 2. Historians are still mystified by the question how some ancient
:    civiliztions disappeared suddenly in history.
:    第一行中的how為何不能使用why
這題是選項一個用how開頭，另一個用why起始嗎？
我自己是覺得這個的句子將how改成why意思僅改變一些
而且不管那些historians問how~或why~，簡單回答起來都差不多

: 3. __________, the cell bodies that control the heredity of an animal or
:    a plant.
:    (A) DNA is the chief material in chromosomes
:    (B) The chief material in chromosomes is DNA
:    (C) In chromosomes DNA is the chief material
:    (D) In chromosomes the chief material is DNA
:    正確答案是A 想請問其他選項為何不行
這題除了問英文用法，也是考科學的想法吧 XD
就comma後面的敘述你覺得是指chromosome還是DNA
選擇那一個就將那個字放在comma前面
這個用法和平常說的同位語、關係代名詞的restrictive clause都是用來做為補充說明
會將要說明的該對象置於comma前

另外如果你能接受後面那個是指DNA的話，也就是將DNA放在comma前面
那(B)和(D)都可以了，但單複數需修正，而要用(C)的話，可以改成
 In chromosomes DNA is the chief material that controls the heredity of ...

但就意思上到底是chromosome對，還是DNA，我覺得爭這個是沒多大意義就是了

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◆ From: 61.230.96.143
→ dunchee:http://alt-usage-english.org/excerpts/fxsubjun.html
→ dunchee:->4 ... (特別是後面的Note the difference between ...)
→ dunchee:另外Michael Swan的"Practical English Usage"也有這方面
→ dunchee:的解說(含那個"should"比較是屬於英式寫法會加的。美式的
→ dunchee:通常不加)
推 scream7:ㄚ...我該多讀點書了(低頭) 閣下說的才對 （＝０＝|||）