推 payme:for剛好就是口氣的停頓，是用來大家注意這點的 06/01 16:09
推 QQXUP:謝謝你的講解~ 讓我有看的比較懂一點 06/01 20:19
你好
感覺這是學校、教育、教學相關的文章
很多東西不熟
所以只試著簡述句子意思跟重點喔
如果要翻譯成通順的句子，可能原Po要再斟酌文字
希望對你有幫助
If a student failed the entrance test a second time,
but had passed the previous course[which was]given as a prerequisite,
he or she should be allowed to repeat the previous course, for no additional
creit and at no financial cost.
given as 應是 which was given as a prerequisite的減化，
修飾 the previous course
for之前為何要加逗點我也不懂，感覺去掉也可
The expectations would need to be communicated to faculty members
teaching introductory courses
and any other classes[which was]listed as prerequisites
for upper-level courses.
and是連接 introductory courses 還有 any other classes
就是講到
溝通對象不僅包括教introdutory courses的教師，
也包括教any other classes[which was]listed as prerequisite- 的教師
listed as 同樣是which was listed as-的減化
就是那些列為先修課程的課
What better index of teaching effectiveness could there be
than one tied to students' mastery of material needed in a subsequent course?
這邊的one應該是指index of teaching effectiveness
作者在比的是
除了評估學生對教材的熟練程度
能不能有更好的指標來評估教學效益
What better corrective measure for grade inflation
than having another faculty member assess students' readiness
to begin a subsequent course?
同樣的邏輯
這邊作者自問的則是 矯正grade inflation的措施
除了指派另外一個老師來評估學生的程度外
能不能有更好的矯正措施，能夠抑制grade inflation
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