[文法] 請教幾題文法問題

[battyce ()]

1.After eleven o'clock in the evening,
the bus is empty ________ the driver and the conductor.

a. except  b.except for

答案是b   想請問為何選a不可以呢?

2. Advertising is distinguished from other forms of
communication ________ the advertiser pays for the
message to be delivered.

a.in that   b.which

答案是a  想請問為何是選a  而which卻不可以用呢??

3.Michelle would certainly have attended advisory
board meeting ________ on the highway.

a.had she not had a flat tire
b.should she have not a flat tire

答案是a  想請問為何是選a
麻煩大家解答一下
感激不盡

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推 memorabilia:1. 若是從整體減去一部分, 則兩者都可以用
→ memorabilia:倘若是表示一個相反/排除的概念時則用except for
推 memorabilia:2. in that 有解釋前句的作用, which 這邊不適用
→ memorabilia:3. 這是與過去事實相反的假設, a 選項是倒裝句
推 pptuser:2)in that (因為) 和關代沒關係 3) should 要是她早該..
→ memorabilia:原句: if she had not had a flat tire
推 b9606022:請問第二句應該怎麼翻呢?