[請益] 幾個疑問..

[Cadi ( )]

有幾個疑問想請大家幫忙... (總共有八個問題。)


1. (前文提到，現代父母對於到底該不該叫孩子做家事，感到猶豫不決，
    而這種態度源自多種深層的原因，其中之一便是時間壓力。)

   The sources of our ambivalence about chores are varied and deep.
   Some of the mixed feelings come from simple time pressure.
   I once spoke at a school where the paretns, only slightly exaggerating,
   told me that their children had so much homework each night that
   they had to start in immmediately after arriving home from school.
   The mothers served the children dinner on a tray
   so they could keep working while they ate.
   The children worked until late in the evening.
 < Before bed the mothers would dip the children in the bathtub >,
   slip them into their pajamas, and tell them to hurry and get to sleep
   so that they would be rested for school the next day.
   In the morning they would wake the sleepy little children
   and help them get dressed.
   No time for everyday chores for these young scholars.

   請問，這裡的 dip 有誇飾的成分嗎？(好像浸一下就提起來那種感覺)
   還是純粹是敘述讓小孩很短暫的泡一下澡就起來呢？


2. (前文提到，有些爸媽不想叫孩子做家事的心態其實比較不健康，
    他們因為覺得寂寞或沒有安全感，因此一直嘮叨孩子，
    希望能用這樣子的方式跟孩子繼續保持緊密的關係。)

   Paradoxically, effective parenting can cause parental separation anxiety.
   If we really expect and demand that children take responsibility,
   we may no longer need to nag them.
   But if we are suffering from a sense of loneliness in marriage or
   feelings of insecurity in our fragmented world, we may unconsciously
   seek the involvement and intimate connection with our children that
   nagging and reminding bring.

   And there's yet another hidden advantage to having irresponsible children--
 < if we keep them dependent on us we won't have to face our own mortality >.
   We'll always be a helpless someone's mommy or daddy.

   請問，這裡的 our own mortality 應單純是 "自己的生命終將殞滅"，
   還是應該引申為 "孩子終有一天不再需要我們" 呢？
   (雖然 mortality 的各種字義裡似乎並沒有第二種意思...)


3. 前文提到，現代的家長把小孩保護得太好，導致他們欠缺生活能力；
   有位美術老師說自己在帶小二生用紙漿做雕塑時：

   The children need to pour water from a large pitcher into a bowl.
   None of the kids volunteered to do the pouring.
   "Do you guys know how to pour?" Have you ever done it before?" I asked.
   It turned out that none of them had! It's so modern.
   They can't pour, but I'll bet they all knew how to load software
   on the computer by the time they were in kindergarten.

   請問，這裡的 it's so modern 是指 "這真的是只有在這個時代才會發生的事" 嗎？


4. 前文提到，現代家長雖然會找很多理由讓孩子不用做家事
   (譬如他們課業很重，我自己做比較快等等)，
   但其實他們內心也知道做家事對孩子是有好處的。

   Once you are convinced of the genuine value of household chores,
   you can shed your guilt and ambivalence and assign table-clearing and
   pot-washing duties confidently. In our hearts, of course, we know that
   chores are good for us.
   I recall a conversation in one of my parenting classes that brought to light
 < just how hungry mothers are for meaningful chores to give their kids >.

   這句我我總覺得看起來文法怪怪的... 有人可以告訴我類似的例句嗎？ o_O
   請問這是是 "母親有多麼渴望讓孩子做有意義的家事" 嗎？

   為什麼不講
   how hungry mothers are to give their kids meaningful chores 呢？
   (還是說...這樣講不對？)


5. 作者解釋該如何選擇讓孩子做哪些家事。

   When it comes to assigning tasks, a major stumbling block for parents
   is lack of basic knowledge about which chores should begin when.
   Because we don't live with an extended family of seasoned parents
   to provide child-rearing advice, we may be unsure about what is appropriate
   to expect from our children. And because the world is changing so quickly,
   the old rules may not apply. You can't send a six-year-old to the market
   by herself to pick up some bread and milk anymore, but you can teach her
   how to sweep the kitchen floor, and put away her clean clothes.
   Children learn responsibility in phases. The important thing is that
   your child continue to add more tasks as the years go by.

   In general, children start with self-care, which includes toileting [...]
  (接下來舉各種例子，包括四歲可以自己洗手、刷牙，澆花、擦桌子，
   五歲可以收玩具，整理床鋪，把髒衣服放進洗衣籃，
   再大一點的孩子可以幫忙擺碗筷、收碗筷等等。)
   The next stage is care for the family and the household. Here your child
   contributes to the smooth running of the ship by helping to set and clear
   the table, bandaging a sister's skinned knee. Older children and teenagers
   graduate to cooking, washing the car, and earning their own spending money.
 < The family is the little laboratory for what Judaism sees
   as the most mature stage of responsibility,
   where we treat our community as family, give charity,
   and provide service to others. >

   請問，這裡的 mature stage 是什麼意思？
   理解為成熟的時期/階段似乎不對，
   如果試著把 stage 解釋為舞台之類的意思.. 好像還是不對...


6. 前文提到，有些孩子脾氣較拗執、難以管教，
   而該懲罰的時候雖然還是要懲罰，但是手段應該溫和。

   In Jewish philosophy, there are two basic views about how to
   motivate children to take responsibility. One is that chronic noncompliance
   requires strong discipline. It is said that Rabbi Joshua told his students,
   "The child may be compared to a heifer
    -- if he is not taught to plow when young, it will be difficult for
       him to do so in the end;
    or to a wine branch
    -- if you do not bend it when it is full of sap, once it hardens,
       you can do nothing with it."

   How do we teach and bend? In Proverbs we read several versions of
   "spare the rod and spoil the child": "For he whom God lovs God admonishes",
   and "Correct your child and he well provide you rest".
   But Torah teaches us to administer discipline with a light hand. 
   The weight of Jewish tradition forbids humiliating, threatening,
   or physically harming a child and advises us to follow the example of God,
   who never punishes without previous warning and without telling the
   transgressor what to expect if he continues to misbehave.

   請問，這裡的 weight 是甚麼意思呢？我查遍字典都查不出符合的意思..

   *Torah是猶太律法書，內容是猶太人為人處事的守則。


7. 前文提到，有個媽媽讓孩子逐步參與家務，
   包括把自己的書包、外套掛好，收拾碗筷等等。
   但是這個孩子老是忘記吃完晚飯要收碗筷，不管怎麼提醒、怎麼威脅利誘都沒用。
   後來媽媽改成只要孩子把刀叉收到水槽沖一沖、再放到洗碗機裡就好。

   This job appealed to Sara because of its start-to-finish nature,
   and she did without being reminded.

   這裡的 start-to-finish 同樣是我怎麼查都查不出來符合的意思...
   請問該怎麼解釋呢？


8. 作者表示，有數種方法能讓孩子養成做家事的習慣，
   其中一個是 give them what they need:

   Parents need to make sure that children are given whatever they need
   to perform their job, such as a carpet sweeper for a child who isn't
   yet ready for a vaccum. Also match your expectations with the moment.
   Most children are a "mixed multitude" all by themselves and
   you'll find them helpful and responsible one day or week
   and great sluggards the next.

   (這裡的 mixed multitude 是取自聖經。
    這個詞原本是用來形容 摩西領著渡過紅海、抵達應許之地的全部子民，
    而這群人是由埃及社會裡不同階層的人民組成的，彼此的身世背景差異很大。)

   請問，這裡的 all by themselves 是什麼意思呢？
   我只查得到 "靠自己" 和 "單獨" 兩種意思..



非常感謝！！



--
※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc)
◆ From: 61.228.35.176
→ dunchee:1. 可能性很多。要看*(前文)原本*的英文寫法才能確實判定
→ dunchee:2. 同前。你在翻成中文的過程中有遺漏 光看這英文半句+1句
→ dunchee:只能*猜測*
→ dunchee:3. 同前 有時候可以從原本英文內容看出原來說話的人的語言
→ dunchee:使用情形/教育背景等等 你轉成中文對你是方便，但是那些
→ dunchee:原本的東西就看不出來，也因此無法判定到底是點點點或叉叉
→ dunchee:叉  比如我就可以想到至少兩種可能性 但是有原英文內容的
→ dunchee:話就不會有這種模糊性產生
※ 編輯: Cadi            來自: 61.228.47.126        (10/29 00:00)
→ Cadi:嗯，我原本以為這樣子提問比較簡潔易懂，卻好像適得其反了..
→ Cadi:我補充了較多的前後文上去,希望能讓幫忙解讀的網友更清楚原意
推 l10nel:1.有了整段以後，很明顯，做功課做到較晚，又要早起上學，
→ l10nel:為了不減少寶貴睡眠時間，只好壓縮洗澡時間，因此用dip，
→ l10nel:強調時間短促
→ Cadi:謝謝樓上~