推 Cadi:非常、非常感謝t大~ :) 10/29 15:28
→ Cadi:(我終於懂了how hungry mother are for... 那一句了~) 10/29 15:30
※ 引述《Cadi ( )》之銘言：
: 有幾個疑問想請大家幫忙... (總共有八個問題。)
: 1. (前文提到，現代父母對於到底該不該叫孩子做家事，感到猶豫不決，
: 而這種態度源自多種深層的原因，其中之一便是時間壓力。)
: The sources of our ambivalence about chores are varied and deep.
: Some of the mixed feelings come from simple time pressure.
: I once spoke at a school where the paretns, only slightly exaggerating,
: told me that their children had so much homework each night that
: they had to start in immmediately after arriving home from school.
: The mothers served the children dinner on a tray
: so they could keep working while they ate.
: The children worked until late in the evening.
: < Before bed the mothers would dip the children in the bathtub >,
: slip them into their pajamas, and tell them to hurry and get to sleep
: so that they would be rested for school the next day.
: In the morning they would wake the sleepy little children
: and help them get dressed.
: No time for everyday chores for these young scholars.
: 請問，這裡的 dip 有誇飾的成分嗎？(好像浸一下就提起來那種感覺)
: 還是純粹是敘述讓小孩很短暫的泡一下澡就起來呢？
這一整段的敘述都在強調"趕時間"
如 dinner on a tray, dip, slip, hurry and get to sleep
所以嚴格上來說 dip 是誇飾 (又不是燙青菜哪能過一下水就起鍋的)
但這是為了在閱讀時讀者得以理解整段中那種"趕、趕、趕"的意境
: 2. (前文提到，有些爸媽不想叫孩子做家事的心態其實比較不健康，
: 他們因為覺得寂寞或沒有安全感，因此一直嘮叨孩子，
: 希望能用這樣子的方式跟孩子繼續保持緊密的關係。)
: Paradoxically, effective parenting can cause parental separation anxiety.
: If we really expect and demand that children take responsibility,
: we may no longer need to nag them.
: But if we are suffering from a sense of loneliness in marriage or
: feelings of insecurity in our fragmented world, we may unconsciously
: seek the involvement and intimate connection with our children that
: nagging and reminding bring.
: And there's yet another hidden advantage to having irresponsible children--
: < if we keep them dependent on us we won't have to face our own mortality >.
: We'll always be a helpless someone's mommy or daddy.
: 請問，這裡的 our own mortality 應單純是 "自己的生命終將殞滅"，
: 還是應該引申為 "孩子終有一天不再需要我們" 呢？
可以折衷譯為"自己終將老去"
: (雖然 mortality 的各種字義裡似乎並沒有第二種意思...)
: 3. 前文提到，現代的家長把小孩保護得太好，導致他們欠缺生活能力；
: 有位美術老師說自己在帶小二生用紙漿做雕塑時：
: The children need to pour water from a large pitcher into a bowl.
: None of the kids volunteered to do the pouring.
: "Do you guys know how to pour?" Have you ever done it before?" I asked.
: It turned out that none of them had! It's so modern.
: They can't pour, but I'll bet they all knew how to load software
: on the computer by the time they were in kindergarten.
: 請問，這裡的 it's so modern 是指 "這真的是只有在這個時代才會發生的事" 嗎？
這真是個現代才會有的問題
: 4. 前文提到，現代家長雖然會找很多理由讓孩子不用做家事
: (譬如他們課業很重，我自己做比較快等等)，
: 但其實他們內心也知道做家事對孩子是有好處的。
: Once you are convinced of the genuine value of household chores,
: you can shed your guilt and ambivalence and assign table-clearing and
: pot-washing duties confidently. In our hearts, of course, we know that
: chores are good for us.
: I recall a conversation in one of my parenting classes that brought to light
: < just how hungry mothers are for meaningful chores to give their kids >.
: 這句我我總覺得看起來文法怪怪的... 有人可以告訴我類似的例句嗎？ o_O
: 請問這是是 "母親有多麼渴望讓孩子做有意義的家事" 嗎？
: 為什麼不講
: how hungry mothers are to give their kids meaningful chores 呢？
: (還是說...這樣講不對？)
如果很吹毛求疵的話，你的不對。母親渴望的不是"要給孩子有意義的家事"這件事
渴望的是"有意義的家事"，有了有意義的家事再把它給孩子
原文不言而喻的是母親不知道哪些家事是有意義的
(母親：拖地板會培養甚麼特質? 叫孩子洗碗如果打破碗會不會反而給孩子挫折感?)
你的說法變成了母親沒家事可作(家裡請菲傭)，甚至沒孩子可給家事(孩子不回家)
但其實整段文章看下來，你的改寫也還好，其實不應該會被誤解。
: 5. 作者解釋該如何選擇讓孩子做哪些家事。
: When it comes to assigning tasks, a major stumbling block for parents
: is lack of basic knowledge about which chores should begin when.
: Because we don't live with an extended family of seasoned parents
: to provide child-rearing advice, we may be unsure about what is appropriate
: to expect from our children. And because the world is changing so quickly,
: the old rules may not apply. You can't send a six-year-old to the market
: by herself to pick up some bread and milk anymore, but you can teach her
: how to sweep the kitchen floor, and put away her clean clothes.
: Children learn responsibility in phases. The important thing is that
: your child continue to add more tasks as the years go by.
: In general, children start with self-care, which includes toileting [...]
: (接下來舉各種例子，包括四歲可以自己洗手、刷牙，澆花、擦桌子，
: 五歲可以收玩具，整理床鋪，把髒衣服放進洗衣籃，
: 再大一點的孩子可以幫忙擺碗筷、收碗筷等等。)
: The next stage is care for the family and the household. Here your child
: contributes to the smooth running of the ship by helping to set and clear
: the table, bandaging a sister's skinned knee. Older children and teenagers
: graduate to cooking, washing the car, and earning their own spending money.
: < The family is the little laboratory for what Judaism sees
: as the most mature stage of responsibility,
: where we treat our community as family, give charity,
: and provide service to others. >
: 請問，這裡的 mature stage 是什麼意思？
: 理解為成熟的時期/階段似乎不對，
: 如果試著把 stage 解釋為舞台之類的意思.. 好像還是不對...
猶太教認為家庭是給孩子實習(原文為"實驗"但這樣翻不合中文習慣)如何負起大人的
責任的一個實驗室，孩子可從家中學習如何愛鄰如親、如何做善事、以及如何提供
服務于他人。
大概醬~文筆自己修
: 6. 前文提到，有些孩子脾氣較拗執、難以管教，
: 而該懲罰的時候雖然還是要懲罰，但是手段應該溫和。
: In Jewish philosophy, there are two basic views about how to
: motivate children to take responsibility. One is that chronic noncompliance
: requires strong discipline. It is said that Rabbi Joshua told his students,
: "The child may be compared to a heifer
: -- if he is not taught to plow when young, it will be difficult for
: him to do so in the end;
: or to a wine branch
: -- if you do not bend it when it is full of sap, once it hardens,
: you can do nothing with it."
: How do we teach and bend? In Proverbs we read several versions of
: "spare the rod and spoil the child": "For he whom God lovs God admonishes",
: and "Correct your child and he well provide you rest".
: But Torah teaches us to administer discipline with a light hand.
: The weight of Jewish tradition forbids humiliating, threatening,
: or physically harming a child and advises us to follow the example of God,
: who never punishes without previous warning and without telling the
: transgressor what to expect if he continues to misbehave.
: 請問，這裡的 weight 是甚麼意思呢？我查遍字典都查不出符合的意思..
: *Torah是猶太律法書，內容是猶太人為人處事的守則。
weight 在此 = 傾向、多數 等意思
: 7. 前文提到，有個媽媽讓孩子逐步參與家務，
: 包括把自己的書包、外套掛好，收拾碗筷等等。
: 但是這個孩子老是忘記吃完晚飯要收碗筷，不管怎麼提醒、怎麼威脅利誘都沒用。
: 後來媽媽改成只要孩子把刀叉收到水槽沖一沖、再放到洗碗機裡就好。
: This job appealed to Sara because of its start-to-finish nature,
: and she did without being reminded.
: 這裡的 start-to-finish 同樣是我怎麼查都查不出來符合的意思...
: 請問該怎麼解釋呢？
一次搞定。
: 8. 作者表示，有數種方法能讓孩子養成做家事的習慣，
: 其中一個是 give them what they need:
: Parents need to make sure that children are given whatever they need
: to perform their job, such as a carpet sweeper for a child who isn't
: yet ready for a vaccum. Also match your expectations with the moment.
: Most children are a "mixed multitude" all by themselves and
: you'll find them helpful and responsible one day or week
: and great sluggards the next.
: (這裡的 mixed multitude 是取自聖經。
: 這個詞原本是用來形容 摩西領著渡過紅海、抵達應許之地的全部子民，
: 而這群人是由埃及社會裡不同階層的人民組成的，彼此的身世背景差異很大。)
: 請問，這裡的 all by themselves 是什麼意思呢？
: 我只查得到 "靠自己" 和 "單獨" 兩種意思..
孩子自己一個人就可以像群眾一樣雜亂不一，今天樂於服務、明天不鞭不動
: 非常感謝！！
--
'Cause it's a bittersweet symphony, this life
Trying to make ends meet, You're a slave to money then you die
-Bittersweet Symphony, The Verve
--
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