[文法] which has/have/had + p.p. 的省略

[ak1290 (ak1290)]

舉一個句子為例:

He had an accident before, which has caused him much inconvenience.

如果這裡不用 which，
在不影響原意和時態下
改成怎麼樣才是正確的呢?
我自己可能會這樣寫:

He had an accident before, causing him much inconvenience.

但是似乎就失去present perfect的時態了。

如果更進一步，舉另外兩個類似的句子:

..., which had caused him much inconvenience. 以及
..., which caused him much inconvenience.

如果不用which又該如何修改呢?

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推 tijj:"He" 還活著嗎?
→ ak1290:把accident看成injury好了XD
→ tijj:"He" 是否還活著 或 "He"是否現在已經痊癒了  會影響句子的
→ tijj:表達
→ ak1290:第一句的"has caused"已經清楚表達了還活著 但尚未痊癒
→ tijj:an accident has caused him much inconvenience
→ ak1290:如果He had an accident這一段保持不變的話呢?
推 Deadshot465:, and it has caused him much inconvenience?
→ ak1290:也是一個選擇。那接上having caused much...呢
→ hopeliu:主詞不一致而省略    dangling modifier ?
→ hopeliu:不過我文法也不強就是了^^
→ dunchee:"但是似乎就失去..."--> Yes. 以你問的"reduced relative
→ dunchee:clause(的一種)"來說，既然有經過reduction，在某程度上一
→ dunchee:些訊息就得跟著犧牲：(然後我用關鍵字搜尋Google Books，
→ dunchee:一下就找到一堆相關的書): http://ppt.cc/ST2d  (Note:最
→ dunchee:後的'should be regarded as "...."..'指的是符合"firmly
→ dunchee:....generalizable"條件的才適合這樣子reduce  總結就是不
→ dunchee:要亂化簡(這不是像數學公式那樣"="來"="去的變化就沒事的)
→ sneak: "He" 是否還活著  https://muxiv.com
→ sneak: 最 https://daxiv.com
→ sneak: "He" 是否還活著  https://daxiv.com
→ muxiv: 些訊息就得跟著犧牲：( http://yaxiv.com