>Number: 101392
>Category: docs
>Synopsis: [UPDATE] zh_TW: Update handbook/ports to SVN#963
>Confidential: no
>Severity: non-critical
>Priority: low
>Responsible: freebsd-doc
>State: open
>Quarter:
>Keywords:
>Date-Required:
>Class: update
>Submitter-Id: current-users
>Arrival-Date: Sat Aug 05 04:50:12 GMT 2006
>Closed-Date:
>Last-Modified:
>Originator: chinsan
>Release: FreeBSD 6.1-STABLE i386
>Organization:
FreeBSD Taiwan
>Environment:
System: FreeBSD chinsan2.twbbs.org 6.1-STABLE FreeBSD 6.1-STABLE #1: Fri Jun 2 16:44:35 CST 2006 root@chinsan2.twbbs.org:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/GENERIC i386
>Description:
- Update handbook/ports to SVN#963
(patch URL http://chinsan2.twbbs.org/chinsan/zh_TW.Big5.20060805_5.diff)
- ChangeLog (Trac Timeline)
https://opensvn.csie.org/traccgi/freebsddoc/timeline
>How-To-Repeat:
>Fix:
--- zh_TW.Big5.20060805_5.diff begins here ---
diff -ruN zh_TW.Big5.orig/books/handbook/ports/chapter.sgml zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/ports/chapter.sgml
--- zh_TW.Big5.orig/books/handbook/ports/chapter.sgml Thu Jul 20 14:27:17 2006
+++ zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/ports/chapter.sgml Sat Aug 5 12:26:55 2006
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
<para>事實上，ports 機制還可以用來產生 packages，以便他人可以用
<command>pkg_add</command> 來安裝，或是稍後會介紹到的其他套件管理指令。</para>
- <para>而 packages 以及 ports 它們都是一樣，都會認 <emphasis>dependencies(軟體相依關係)</emphasis>。
+ <para>而 packages 以及 ports 它們都是一樣會認 <emphasis>dependencies(軟體相依關係)</emphasis>。
假設：您想安裝某程式，但它有相依另一個已裝的函式庫(library)，
而在 FreeBSD 的 port 以及 package 都有這程式以及該函式庫了。
所以無論是用 <command>pkg_add</command> 指令或者 port 方式來裝該程式，
@@ -237,33 +237,26 @@
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>If you know the exact name of the port, but just need to
- find out which category it is in, you can use the
- &man.whereis.1; command.
- Simply type <command>whereis
- <replaceable>file</replaceable></command>, where
- <replaceable>file</replaceable> is the program you want to
- install. If it is found on your system, you will be told
- where it is, as follows:</para>
+ <para>若知道該 port 的正確名稱，但不知道放在哪個分類目錄，
+ 可以用 &man.whereis.1; 指令來找出來。
+ 只要打 <command>whereis
+ <replaceable>file</replaceable></command> 即可，而
+ <replaceable>file</replaceable> 的地方請改為想裝的軟體名稱。
+ 若找到該軟體，就會告訴你，就像下面這樣：</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>whereis lsof</userinput>
lsof: /usr/ports/sysutils/lsof</screen>
- <para>This tells us that <command>lsof</command> (a system
- utility) can be found in the
- <filename>/usr/ports/sysutils/lsof</filename>
- directory.</para></listitem>
+ <para>如此一來，就會知道 <command>lsof</command> (系統工具程式) 是放在
+ <filename>/usr/ports/sysutils/lsof</filename> 目錄。</para></listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>Yet another way to find a particular port is by using the
- Ports Collection's built-in search mechanism. To use the
- search feature, you will need to be in the
- <filename>/usr/ports</filename> directory. Once in that
- directory, run <command>make search
- name=<replaceable>program-name</replaceable></command> where
- <replaceable>program-name</replaceable> is the name of the
- program you want to find. For example, if you were looking
- for <command>lsof</command>:</para>
+ <para>還有另一招，就是用 Ports Collection 本身內建的搜尋機制。
+ 要用的時候，請先切換到 <filename>/usr/ports</filename> 目錄。
+ 然後，打 <command>make search
+ name=<replaceable>program-name</replaceable></command>，其中
+ <replaceable>program-name</replaceable> 請改為想找的軟體名稱。
+ 舉例來說，若要找的是 <command>lsof</command> 的話，那麼就是：</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make search name=lsof</userinput>
@@ -275,23 +268,19 @@
B-deps:
R-deps: </screen>
- <para>The part of the output you want to pay particular
- attention to is the <quote>Path:</quote> line, since that
- tells you where to find the port. The other information
- provided is not needed in order to install the port, so it
- will not be covered here.</para>
-
- <para>For more in-depth searching you can also use <command>make
- search key=<replaceable>string</replaceable></command> where
- <replaceable>string</replaceable> is some text to search for.
- This searches port names, comments, descriptions and
- dependencies and can be used to find ports which relate to a
- particular subject if you do not know the name of the program
- you are looking for.</para>
-
- <para>In both of these cases, the search string is case-insensitive.
- Searching for <quote>LSOF</quote> will yield the same results as
- searching for <quote>lsof</quote>.</para>
+ <para>這些搜尋結果中，要注意的是 <quote>Path:</quote> 這行，
+ 因為這行會告訴你可以在哪邊找到該 port。
+ 而搜尋結果的其他部分，因為與 port 安裝較無關係，所以這裡就不講了。</para>
+
+ <para>若要更徹底的搜尋，那麼可以改用 <command>make
+ search key=<replaceable>string</replaceable></command>，其中
+ <replaceable>string</replaceable> 請改為想搜尋的關鍵字。
+ 如此一來會找 port 名稱、軟體簡介(comments)、軟體敘述檔(descriptions)
+ 以及軟體相依關係(dependencies)裡面是否有符合關鍵字，
+ 此外，不清楚軟體名稱的話，也可以拿來找有符合關鍵字主題的 port。</para>
+
+ <para>剛講的這兩種方式，搜尋字眼都是 case-insensitive(不必區分大小寫)。
+ 比如，搜尋 <quote>LSOF</quote> 與 <quote>lsof</quote> 兩者結果都會是一樣的。</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
@@ -351,71 +340,52 @@
&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_add <replaceable>lsof-4.56.4.tgz</replaceable></userinput></screen>
</example>
- <para>If you do not have a source of local packages (such as a
- FreeBSD CD-ROM set) then it will probably be easier to use the
- <option>-r</option> option to &man.pkg.add.1;. This will
- cause the utility to automatically determine the correct
- object format and release and then fetch and install the
- package from an FTP site.
+ <para>若手邊沒有 package 來源(像是 FreeBSD 光碟)的話，
+ 那麼建議使用 &man.pkg.add.1; 時，加上 <option>-r</option>
+ 選項來更輕鬆安裝 package。如此一來，就會自動判斷正確的 package 格式、
+ 以及所搭配的作業系統 release 版本，
+ 然後會自己從 FTP 站抓回、安裝相對應的 package。
</para>
<indexterm>
<primary><command>pkg_add</command></primary></indexterm>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_add -r <replaceable>lsof</replaceable></userinput></screen>
- <para>The example above would download the correct package and
- add it without any further user intervention.
- If you want to specify an alternative &os; Packages Mirror,
- instead of the main distribution site, you have to set
- <envar>PACKAGESITE</envar> accordingly, to
- override the default settings. &man.pkg.add.1;
- uses &man.fetch.3; to download the files, which honors various
- environment variables, including
- <envar>FTP_PASSIVE_MODE</envar>, <envar>FTP_PROXY</envar>, and
- <envar>FTP_PASSWORD</envar>. You may need to set one or more
- of these if you are behind a firewall, or need to use an
- FTP/HTTP proxy. See &man.fetch.3; for the complete list.
- Note that in the example above
- <literal>lsof</literal> is used instead of
- <literal>lsof-4.56.4</literal>. When the remote fetching
- feature is used, the version number of the package must be
- removed. &man.pkg.add.1; will automatically fetch the latest
- version of the application.</para>
+ <para>上面這例子會自動下載正確的 package 並安裝。
+ 若想改換用其他 &os; Packages Mirror 站，那麼就要設定 <envar>PACKAGESITE</envar> 環境變數，
+ 如此一來才會取代預設設定。 &man.pkg.add.1;
+ 會用 &man.fetch.3; 指令來下載檔案，而 &man.fetch.3; 本身則會使用相關環境變數的設定，
+ 像是：
+ <envar>FTP_PASSIVE_MODE</envar>、<envar>FTP_PROXY</envar> 以及
+ <envar>FTP_PASSWORD</envar>。 如果你網路環境處於 firewall 後面，或者需要用
+ FTP/HTTP proxy 的話，那麼就需要設定。 設定細節請參閱 &man.fetch.3;。
+ 請注意：上面所說的例子是寫 <literal>lsof</literal> 而非
+ <literal>lsof-4.56.4</literal>。 當使用遠端抓取功能時，該 package 版號就不必加上去了。
+ &man.pkg.add.1; 會自動下載該軟體的最新版回來安裝。</para>
<note>
- <para>&man.pkg.add.1; will download the latest version of
- your application if you are using &os.current; or
- &os.stable;. If you run a -RELEASE version, it will grab
- the version of the package that was built with your
- release. It is possible to change this behavior by
- overriding the <envar>PACKAGESITE</envar> environment
- variable. For example, if you run a &os; 5.4-RELEASE
- system, by default &man.pkg.add.1; will try to fetch
- packages from
- <literal>ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-5.4-release/Latest/</literal>.
- If you want to force &man.pkg.add.1; to download
- &os; 5-STABLE packages, set <envar>PACKAGESITE</envar>
- to
- <literal>ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-5-stable/Latest/</literal>.
+ <para>若用的是 &os.current; 或 &os.stable; 的話，&man.pkg.add.1;
+ 會自動下載該軟體最新版回來。
+ 若用的是屬於 -RELEASE 版本，那麼他會抓回屬於該 release 上所編譯的 package。
+ 也可以更改 <envar>PACKAGESITE</envar> 環境變數，以改變下載方式。
+ 舉例來說，如果是 &os; 5.4-RELEASE 的話，那麼 &man.pkg.add.1; 預設會從
+ <literal>ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-5.4-release/Latest/</literal>
+ 來抓 package。若要強制 &man.pkg.add.1; 下載 &os; 5-STABLE 所用的 package
+ ，那麼就把 <envar>PACKAGESITE</envar> 改設為
+ <literal>ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-5-stable/Latest/</literal>即可。
</para>
</note>
- <para>Package files are distributed in <filename>.tgz</filename>
- and <filename>.tbz</filename> formats. You can find them at <ulink
- url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/packages/"></ulink>,
- or on the FreeBSD CD-ROM distribution. Every CD on the
- FreeBSD 4-CD set (and the PowerPak, etc.) contains packages
- in the <filename>/packages</filename> directory. The layout
- of the packages is similar to that of the
- <filename>/usr/ports</filename> tree. Each category has its
- own directory, and every package can be found within the
- <filename>All</filename> directory.
+ <para>Package 檔有 <filename>.tgz</filename> 以及 <filename>.tbz</filename> 兩種格式。
+ 這些都可透過 <ulink
+ url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/packages/"></ulink>，或者 FreeBSd 光碟內取得。
+ Every CD on the
+ FreeBSD 4 光碟套件內以及 PowerPak(威力包) 等等..每一片光碟都會在 <filename>/packages</filename>
+ 目錄內放 package。裡面的目錄架構類似 <filename>/usr/ports</filename> 的目錄架構。
+ 每個分類都各自有專屬目錄，且每份 package 都會放在 <filename>All</filename> 目錄內。
</para>
- <para>The directory structure of the package system matches the
- ports layout; they work with each other to form the entire
- package/port system.
- </para>
+ <para>package 目錄架構與 port 的都一致；它們共同構成整個 package/port 系統機制。</para>
</sect2>
@@ -426,9 +396,7 @@
<primary>packages</primary>
<secondary>managing</secondary>
</indexterm>
- <para>&man.pkg.info.1; is a utility that lists and describes
- the various packages installed.
- </para>
+ <para>&man.pkg.info.1; 可用來列出所有已安裝的軟體、軟體簡介。</para>
<indexterm>
<primary><command>pkg_info</command></primary>
@@ -437,9 +405,8 @@
cvsup-16.1 A general network file distribution system optimized for CV
docbook-1.2 Meta-port for the different versions of the DocBook DTD
...</screen>
- <para>&man.pkg.version.1; is a utility that summarizes the
- versions of all installed packages. It compares the package
- version to the current version found in the ports tree.
+ <para>&man.pkg.version.1; 則是列出所有已安裝的軟體版本。
+ 它會顯示已裝版本以及目前機器上 port tree 的版本差異。
</para>
<indexterm>
<primary><command>pkg_version</command></primary>
@@ -449,9 +416,7 @@
docbook =
...</screen>
- <para>The symbols in the second column indicate the relative age
- of the installed version and the version available in the
- local ports tree.</para>
+ <para>第二欄的符號表示：已安裝的軟體版本與目前機器上 port tree 的版本差異。</para>
<informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
<tgroup cols="2">
@@ -464,27 +429,22 @@
<tbody>
<row>
- <entry>=</entry> <entry>The version of the
- installed package matches the one found in the
- local ports tree.</entry>
+ <entry>=</entry> <entry>已裝的版本與目前機器上 port tree 的版本是同一版的。
+ </entry>
</row>
<row><entry><</entry>
- <entry>The installed version is older than the one available
- in the ports tree.</entry>
+ <entry>與目前機器上 port tree 版本相比起來，已裝的版本較舊。</entry>
</row>
- <row><entry>></entry><entry>The installed version is newer
- than the one found in the local ports tree. (The local ports
- tree is probably out of date.)</entry></row>
-
- <row><entry>?</entry><entry>The installed package cannot be
- found in the ports index. (This can happen, for instance, if an
- installed port is removed from the Ports Collection or
- renamed.)</entry></row>
+ <row><entry>></entry><entry>與目前機器上 port tree 版本相比起來，
+ 已裝的版本較新。(可能是目前機器上 port tree 尚未更新。)</entry></row>
+
+ <row><entry>?</entry><entry>已裝的軟體在 ports 索引內找無相關資料。
+ (通常可能是，舉例來說：已安裝的該 port 已從 Ports Collection 中移除或改名了。)
+ </entry></row>
- <row><entry>*</entry><entry>There are multiple versions of the
- package.</entry></row>
+ <row><entry>*</entry><entry>該軟體同時有許多版本。</entry></row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
@@ -557,41 +517,37 @@
<para>請把
<replaceable>cvsup.tw.FreeBSD.org</replaceable> 請改成離你比較近(快)的
- <application>CVSup</application> Server。
+ <application>CVSup</application> 主機。
這部分可以參閱完整的 <link linkend="cvsup-mirrors">CVSup mirror</link> 站列表(<xref
linkend="cvsup-mirrors">)。</para>
<note>
- <para>One may want to use his own
- <filename>ports-supfile</filename>, for example to avoid
- the need of passing the <application>CVSup</application>
- server on the command line.</para>
+ <para>若想改用自己設的
+ <filename>ports-supfile</filename>，比如說，不想每次都得打指令來指定所使用的
+ <application>CVSup</application> 主機。</para>
<procedure>
<step>
- <para>In this case, as <username>root</username>, copy
+ <para>這種情況下，請以 <username>root</username> 權限把
<filename>/usr/share/examples/cvsup/ports-supfile</filename>
- to a new location, such as
- <filename>/root</filename> or your home
- directory.</para>
+ 複製到其他位置，比如
+ <filename>/root</filename> 或者自己帳號的家目錄。</para>
</step>
<step>
- <para>Edit <filename>ports-supfile</filename>.</para>
+ <para>修改新的 <filename>ports-supfile</filename> 檔。</para>
</step>
<step>
- <para>Change
+ <para>把
<replaceable>CHANGE_THIS.FreeBSD.org</replaceable>
- to a <application>CVSup</application> server near
- you. See <link linkend="cvsup-mirrors">CVSup
- Mirrors</link> (<xref linkend="cvsup-mirrors">) for
- a complete listing of mirror sites.</para>
+ 改為離你比較近(快)的 <application>CVSup</application> 主機。
+ 這部分可以參閱完整的 <link linkend="cvsup-mirrors">CVSup
+ Mirrors</link> (<xref linkend="cvsup-mirrors">) 站列表</para>
</step>
<step>
- <para>And now to run <command>cvsup</command>, use the
- following:</para>
+ <para>然後就開始以類似下列指令跑 <command>cvsup</command>：</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cvsup -L 2 <replaceable>/root/ports-supfile</replaceable></userinput></screen>
</step>
@@ -600,52 +556,47 @@
</step>
<step>
- <para>Running the &man.cvsup.1; command later will download and apply all
- the recent changes to your Ports Collection, except
- actually rebuilding the ports for your own system.</para>
+ <para>執行 &man.cvsup.1; 之後，就會開始更新 Ports Collection。
+ 不過這動作只是『更新』並不是『升級』，不會把已裝的軟體重新編譯、升級。</para>
</step>
</procedure>
<procedure>
<title>Portsnap 方式</title>
- <para>&man.portsnap.8; is an alternative system for distributing the
- Ports Collection. It was first included in &os; 6.0. On older
- systems, you can install it from <filename
- role="package">sysutils/portsnap</filename> port:</para>
+ <para>&man.portsnap.8; 也是更新 Ports Collection 的方式之一。
+ &os; 6.0 起開始內建 Portsnap 機制，而較舊的系統，則可透過 <filename
+ role="package">sysutils/portsnap</filename> port 來安裝：</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_add -r portsnap</userinput></screen>
- <para>Please refer to <link linkend="portsnap">Using Portsnap</link>
- for a detailed description of all <application>Portsnap</application>
- features.</para>
+ <para><application>Portsnap</application> 細節功能，請參閱
+ <link linkend="portsnap">Portsnap 使用篇</link>。</para>
<step>
- <para>Create an empty directory <filename
- role="directory">/usr/ports</filename> if it does not exists.</para>
+ <para>若 <filename
+ role="directory">/usr/ports</filename> 目錄不存在的話，就建立一下吧：</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mkdir /usr/ports</userinput></screen>
</step>
<step>
- <para>Download a compressed snapshot of the Ports Collection into
- <filename role="directory">/var/db/portsnap</filename>. You can
- disconnect from the Internet after this step, if you wish.</para>
+ <para>接下來，下載壓縮的 Ports Collection 定期更新檔到
+ <filename role="directory">/var/db/portsnap</filename> 目錄。
+ 完成下載後，要斷線與否都可以。</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portsnap fetch</userinput></screen>
</step>
<step>
- <para>If you are running <application>Portsnap</application> for the
- first time, extract the snapshot into <filename
- role="directory">/usr/ports</filename>:
+ <para>若是第一次跑 <application>Portsnap</application> 的話，則需要先解壓到 <filename
+ role="directory">/usr/ports</filename>：
</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portsnap extract</userinput></screen>
- <para>If you already have a populated <filename
- role="directory">/usr/ports</filename> and you are just updating,
- run the following command instead:</para>
+ <para>若已有 <filename
+ role="directory">/usr/ports</filename> 而且只是想更新而已，那麼就照下面作：</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portsnap update</userinput></screen>
</step>
@@ -655,55 +606,51 @@
<procedure>
<title>Sysinstall 方式</title>
- <para>This method involves using <application>sysinstall</application>
- to install the Ports Collection from the installation media. Note
- that the old copy of Ports Collection from the date of the release
- will be installed. If you have Internet access, you should always
- use one of the methods mentioned above.</para>
+ <para>這方式要用 <application>sysinstall</application> 透過安裝來源來裝 Ports Collection。
+ 請注意：所安裝的 Ports Collection 版本只是該 release 發佈時的版本而已，而非最新。
+ 若能上網(Internet)的話，請使用上述方式之一會比較好。</para>
<step>
- <para>As <username>root</username>, run
- <command>sysinstall</command>
- (<command>/stand/sysinstall</command> in &os;
- versions older than 5.2) as shown below:</para>
+ <para>以 <username>root</username> 權限執行
+ <command>sysinstall</command>
+ (在 &os; 5.2 之前版本則是 <command>/stand/sysinstall</command>)，方式如下：</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysinstall</userinput></screen>
</step>
<step>
- <para>Scroll down and select <guimenuitem>Configure</guimenuitem>,
- press <keycap>Enter</keycap>.</para>
+ <para>請以方向鍵移動選擇項目，選擇 <guimenuitem>Configure</guimenuitem>，然後按
+ <keycap>Enter</keycap> 鍵。</para>
</step>
<step>
- <para>Scroll down and select
- <guimenuitem>Distributions</guimenuitem>, press
- <keycap>Enter</keycap>.</para>
+ <para>選擇
+ <guimenuitem>Distributions</guimenuitem>，然後按
+ <keycap>Enter</keycap> 鍵。</para>
</step>
<step>
- <para>Scroll down to <guimenuitem>ports</guimenuitem>, press
- <keycap>Space</keycap>.</para>
+ <para>選擇 <guimenuitem>ports</guimenuitem>，然後按
+ <keycap>Space</keycap> 鍵。</para>
</step>
<step>
- <para>Scroll up to <guimenuitem>Exit</guimenuitem>, press
- <keycap>Enter</keycap>.</para>
+ <para>選 <guimenuitem>Exit</guimenuitem>，然後按
+ <keycap>Enter</keycap> 鍵。</para>
</step>
<step>
- <para>Select your desired installation media, such as CDROM,
- FTP, and so on.</para>
+ <para>選擇要用的安裝來源，比如：CDROM(光碟)、FTP 等方式。</para>
</step>
<step>
- <para>Scroll up to <guimenuitem>Exit</guimenuitem> and press
- <keycap>Enter</keycap>.</para>
+ <para>選 <guimenuitem>Exit</guimenuitem>，然後按
+ <keycap>Enter</keycap> 鍵。</para>
</step>
<step>
- <para>Press <keycap>X</keycap> to exit
- <application>sysinstall</application>.</para>
+ <para>按下 <keycap>X</keycap> 鍵就可離開
+ <application>sysinstall</application> 程式。</para>
</step>
</procedure>
</sect2>
@@ -715,113 +662,88 @@
<primary>ports</primary>
<secondary>installing</secondary>
</indexterm>
- <para>The first thing that should be explained when it comes to
- the Ports Collection is what is actually meant by a
- <quote>skeleton</quote>. In a nutshell, a port skeleton is a
- minimal set of files that tell your FreeBSD system how to
- cleanly compile and install a program. Each port skeleton
- includes:</para>
+ <para>提到 Ports Collection，首先要先說明的是：何謂 <quote>skeleton</quote>。
+ 簡單來講，port skeleton 就是讓軟體如何在 FreeBSD 順利編譯、安裝的最基本檔案組合。
+ 每份 port skeleton 基本上會有：</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
- <para>A <filename>Makefile</filename>. The
- <filename>Makefile</filename> contains various statements
- that specify how the application should be compiled and
- where it should be installed on your system.</para>
+ <para><filename>Makefile</filename> 檔。
+ 這個 <filename>Makefile</filename> 內容有分許多部分，
+ 是用來指定要如何編譯，以及該裝在系統的何處。</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>A <filename>distinfo</filename> file. This file
- contains information about the files that must be
- downloaded to build the port and their checksums, to
- verify that files have not been corrupted during the
- download using &man.md5.1;.</para>
+ <para><filename>distinfo</filename> 檔。
+ 編譯該軟體所需下載的檔案、checksum(檢驗檔案用)都會記錄在這檔，
+ 並會用 &man.md5.1; 相關工具來確保所下載的檔案是正確無誤的。</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>A <filename>files</filename> directory. This
- directory contains patches to make the program compile and
- install on your FreeBSD system. Patches are basically
- small files that specify changes to particular files.
- They are in plain text format, and basically say
- <quote>Remove line 10</quote> or <quote>Change line 26 to
- this ...</quote>. Patches are also known as
- <quote>diffs</quote> because they are generated by the
- &man.diff.1; program.</para>
+ <para><filename>files</filename> 目錄。 這目錄放的是讓軟體正常編譯、安裝的 patch 檔。
+ Patches 檔基本上是一些小檔案，並針對特定檔案來做修改，且是純文字檔格式，
+ 基本上內容通常會像是 <quote>Remove line 10(刪除第 10 行)</quote> 或
+ <quote>Change line 26 to this ...(把第 26 行改為...)</quote> 之類的。
+ 這些 Patches 通常也稱為 <quote>diffs</quote>
+ ，因為都是由 &man.diff.1; 程式所產生的。</para>
- <para>This directory may also contain other files used to build
- the port.</para>
+ <para>此外，本目錄也可能會放一些協助編譯該 port 的檔案。</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>A <filename>pkg-descr</filename> file. This is a more
- detailed, often multiple-line, description of the program.</para>
+ <para><filename>pkg-descr</filename> 檔，內容是比較詳細的軟體介紹，通常會寫得比較多行。</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>A <filename>pkg-plist</filename> file. This is a list
- of all the files that will be installed by the port. It
- also tells the ports system what files to remove upon
- deinstallation.</para>
+ <para><filename>pkg-plist</filename> 檔，該 port 會安裝的所有檔案清單。
+ 也是告訴系統在移除該 port 時，需要刪除哪些檔案。</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
- <para>Some ports have other files, such as
- <filename>pkg-message</filename>. The ports system uses these
- files to handle special situations. If you want more details
- on these files, and on ports in general, check out the <ulink
+ <para>有些 port 還會有其他檔案，像是 <filename>pkg-message</filename> 檔。
+ port 系統在一些情況時，會用這些檔案。
+ 如果想知道這些檔案的更多細節用途，以及 port 一般用法，請參閱 <ulink
url="&url.books.porters-handbook;/index.html">FreeBSD Porter's
- Handbook</ulink>.</para>
+ Handbook</ulink>。</para>
- <para>The port includes instructions on how to build source
- code, but does not include the actual source code. You can
- get the source code from a CD-ROM or from the Internet.
- Source code is distributed in whatever manner the software
- author desires. Frequently this is a tarred and gzipped file,
- but it might be compressed with some other tool or even
- uncompressed. The program source code, whatever form it comes
- in, is called a <quote>distfile</quote>. The two methods for
- installing a &os; port are described below.</para>
+ <para>port 內寫的是告訴系統如何編譯 source code 的相關指令，但並不是真正的 source code。
+ 而 source code 可以從光碟或網路(Internet)來取得，
+ 該軟體開發者可能會把 source code 以各種格式來發佈。
+ 通常是以 tar 以及 gzip 這兩者工具一起壓縮的檔案，也有可能是以其他工具壓縮，或根本沒壓縮。
+ 而軟體的 source code 無論是以哪一種壓縮檔型態，我們都稱之為 <quote>distfile</quote>。
+ 下面將介紹兩種安裝 &os; port 的方式。</para>
<note>
- <para>You must be logged in as <username>root</username> to
- install ports.</para>
+ <para>要安裝 port 的話，請務必切為 <username>root</username> 身份。</para>
</note>
<warning>
- <para>Before installing any port, you should be sure to have
- an up-to-date Ports Collection and you should check <ulink
- url="http://vuxml.freebsd.org/"></ulink> for security issues
- related to your port.</para>
-
- <para>A security vulnerabilities check can be automatically
- done by <application>portaudit</application> before any new
- application installation. This tool can be found in the
- Ports Collection (<filename
- role="package">security/portaudit</filename>). Consider
- running <command>portaudit -F</command> before installing a
- new port, to fetch the current vulnerabilities database. A
- security audit and an update of the database will be
- performed during the daily security system check. For more
- information read the &man.portaudit.1; and &man.periodic.8;
- manual pages.</para>
+ <para>在安裝任何 port 之前，請務必確認有更新 Ports Collection 到最新版，
+ 此外請檢閱 <ulink
+ url="http://vuxml.freebsd.org/"></ulink> 來檢查所要裝的 port
+ 是否有相關安全漏洞議題需要注意的。</para>
+
+ <para><application>portaudit</application> 會在安裝任何 port 之前，
+ 先自動檢查是否有相關已知的安全漏洞。這個工具在 Ports Collection 內有
+ (<filename role="package">security/portaudit</filename>)。
+ 在安裝 port 之前，可以先跑 <command>portaudit -F</command> 指令，
+ 如此一來就會抓最新的資安漏洞資料庫回來核對。
+ 每天的系統定期安檢會自動更新資料庫，並作安全稽核。
+ 詳情請參閱 &man.portaudit.1; 以及 &man.periodic.8; 的線上說明。</para>
</warning>
- <para>The Ports Collection makes an assumption that you have a working
- Internet connection. If you do not, you will need to put a copy of the
- distfile into <filename>/usr/ports/distfiles</filename>
- manually.</para>
+ <para>Ports Collection 會假設你的網路是可正常連線的。
+ 如果沒有的話，那麼需手動把所需的 distfile 檔複製到
+ <filename>/usr/ports/distfiles</filename> 才行。</para>
- <para>To begin, change to the directory for the port you want to
- install:</para>
+ <para>開始操作之前，要先進入打算安裝的 port 目錄內：</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/sysutils/lsof</userinput></screen>
- <para>Once inside the <filename>lsof</filename> directory, you
- will see the port skeleton. The next step is to compile, or
- <quote>build</quote>, the port. This is done by simply
- typing <command>make</command> at the prompt. Once you have
- done so, you should see something like this:</para>
+ <para>一旦進入 <filename>lsof</filename> 目錄後，就可以看到這個 port 的 skeleton 結構。
+ 接下來，就是編譯，也就是 <quote>build</quote> 這個 port。
+ 只需簡單輸入 <command>make</command> 指令，就可輕鬆完成編譯。
+ 完成後，應該可以看到類似下面訊息：</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make</userinput>
>> lsof_4.57D.freebsd.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist in /usr/ports/distfiles/.
@@ -843,11 +765,9 @@
...
&prompt.root;</screen>
- <para>Notice that once the compile is complete you are
- returned to your prompt. The next step is to install the
- port. In order to install it, you simply need to tack one word
- onto the <command>make</command> command, and that word is
- <command>install</command>:</para>
+ <para>請注意：編譯完成後，就會回到提示列(prompt)。接下來就是安裝該 port 了，
+ 要裝的話，只需在原本的 <command>make</command> 指令後面再加上一個字即可，
+ 那個字就是 <command>install</command>：</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make install</userinput>
===> Installing for lsof-4.57
@@ -862,42 +782,35 @@
increased privileges.
&prompt.root;</screen>
- <para>Once you are returned to your prompt, you should be able to
- run the application you just installed. Since
- <command>lsof</command> is a
- program that runs with increased privileges, a security
- warning is shown. During the building and installation of
- ports, you should take heed of any other warnings that
- may appear.</para>
-
- <para>It is a good idea to delete the working subdirectory,
- which contains all the temporary files used during compilation.
- Not only it consumes a valuable disk space, it would also cause
- problems later when upgrading to the newer version of the port.</para>
+ <para>一旦回到提示列(prompt)，就可以執行剛裝的程式了。
+ 另外，因為 <command>lsof</command> 這程式執行時會有額外權限，
+ 所以會出現安全警告。在編譯、安裝 port 的時候，
+ 請留意任何出現的警告。</para>
+
+ <para>此外，建議刪除編譯用的工作目錄(預設是 <filename>work</filename>)，
+ 這目錄內為在編譯過程中所用到的一些臨時檔案，
+ 這些檔案不只佔硬碟空間，而且也可能會在該 port 升級新版時，
+ 造成不必要的困擾。</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make clean</userinput>
===> Cleaning for lsof-4.57
&prompt.root;</screen>
<note>
- <para>You can save an extra step by just running <command>make
- install clean</command> instead of <command>make</command>,
- <command>make install</command> and <command>make clean</command>
- as three separate steps.</para>
+ <para>用 <command>make install clean</command> 就可以一口氣完成剛所說
+ <command>make</command>、<command>make install</command>、
+ <command>make clean</command> 這三個步驟了。</para>
</note>
<note>
- <para>Some shells keep a cache of the commands that are
- available in the directories listed in the
- <envar>PATH</envar> environment variable, to speed up
- lookup operations for the executable file of these
- commands. If you are using one of these shells, you might
- have to use the <command>rehash</command> command after
- installing a port, before the newly installed commands can
- be used. This command will work for shells like
- <command>tcsh</command>. Use the <command>hash -r</command>
- command for shells like <command>sh</command>. Look at the
- documentation for your shell for more information.</para>
+ <para>有些 shell 會依據 <envar>PATH</envar> 環境變數的路徑，
+ 把那些路徑的執行檔 cache 起來，來加速搜尋執行檔。
+ 如果你用的是這類的 shell，那麼在裝完 port 後需要打
+ <command>rehash</command> 指令，才能執行新裝的執行檔，而
+ <command>rehash</command> 指令可以在 <command>tcsh</command>
+ 之類的 shell 上使用，若是 <command>sh</command> 的話，則是
+ <command>hash -r</command>。
+ 詳情請參閱你所使用的 shell 相關文件。</para>
</note>
<para>Some third party DVD-ROM products such as the FreeBSD Toolkit
--- zh_TW.Big5.20060805_5.diff ends here ---
>Release-Note:
>Audit-Trail:
>Unformatted:
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