我來分享一個5分的AWA模板，用結構式作文的方式幫助大家掌握得分之鑰。
不論是Issue、還是Argument，我都採用5段式作文，第一段是引言段，抄題目，
並提出立場或題目所犯的邏輯錯誤；第二、三、四段是主體段，每段提出一個
reason，並舉一個example去support它；第五段是結論段，summarize主體段的
reasons，最後restate引言段的立場或邏輯錯誤。如此才能環環相扣、頭尾呼應
、結構縝密。另外，關於Argument作文，我的心得是只要模板的句型結構可以套
用，通通打上去，不要管它究竟犯了幾個邏輯錯誤，這是一個強迫取分的戰術，
畢竟時間有限，要盡可能把模板套用上去，把文章塞滿。實際考試的時候，先把
各段的模板打上去，把文章的骨架先弄出來，然後用reason跟example把文章的
肉補進去。通常模板(骨架)打上去就有120~150字了，剩下二、三、四段的reason
跟example，每段花50~60個字做說明，這樣就有洋洋灑灑300字了。而且，這個
模板還有一個好處，首尾兩段一開始就套公式寫好了，所以萬一時間來不及，你
的句子會斷在第四段最後一句，但不影響文章整體結構，還是可以拿5分。接下
來，我來說明Issue跟Argument的模板該如何使用？

ISSUE

引言段：

第一句：抄題目

第二句：眾說紛紜，套萬用句，一句用在第一段；一句用在最後一段。
(1)Views differ greatly when it comes to the issue of whether/
   the statement that
(2)People respond differently to the issue of whether

第三句：立意，同意/不同意；全部/部分(partially agree with)，
        套萬用句，一句用在第一段；一句用在最後一段。
(1)My personal experience and actual observations of life have
   led me to conclude that
(2)I strongly agree with this statement for the following reasons.

主體段：分成二、三、四段，每段包含三部份─reason、example，最後再
        改寫reason(也就是換句話說)，用來衝字數。但如果舉的example
        內容夠多，可以把改寫reason這一部份省略掉。

First of all, reason 1 + example + 改寫reason 1

In addition, reason 2 + example + 改寫reason 2

Finally, reason 3 + example + 改寫reason 3

補充：請盡量使用下列連接詞、副詞做為每一句的開頭。AWA用電腦閱卷時
      ，會去掃這些連接詞、副詞，是否跟你引言段的立場相同或違背。
      電腦不可能聰明到能理解你的立場，但它至少能透過這些關鍵字去
      分析你的文章是否前後矛盾、立論不一致，所以要多用、善用這些
      連接詞、副詞，一方面增加字數；一方面幫助電腦做有效分析，以
      真實反映你的程度。

轉折：However, Nevertheless, On the contrary, On the other hand
因果：Therefore, Consequently, As a result, Thus, Hence
舉例：For example/instance
強調：Moreover, Furthermore, Besides, In addition, In fact,
      In other words,

結論段：

第一句：In conclusion, + 眾說紛紜
第二句：summarize主體段的reasons
第三句：restate position(改寫立意那一句)

PS.Issue與Argument不同點：用「眾說紛紜」取代「主題句」，並多了「立意」。

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Argument

引言段：

第一句：抄題目

第二句：主題句，指出題目所犯的邏輯錯誤(套萬用句，一句用在第一段；一句
        用在最後一段)。請注意，Argument作文一定要持反對立場，這樣才能
        引用萬用句去攻擊它。萬用句我分成兩種，一種是通用型的，不管犯
        什麼邏輯錯誤都可以套；一種是特殊型的，必須針對特定邏輯錯誤才
        可以套用。

主體段：結構同Issue的主體段。唯一不同的是，在行文中，如果句型結構可以
        套得上去，就把針對特定邏輯錯誤的模板引用上去，以充實版面。就算
        套三、四個特定邏輯錯誤的模板也沒關係，因為題目的論述所犯的邏輯
        錯誤絕對不只一個，就盡情發揮吧！

結論段：

第一句：In conclusion, + restate主題句(套另一句萬用句)
第二句：summarize主體段的reasons
第三句：結尾句

萬用句：不論犯什麼邏輯錯誤都可以套。

第一段：However, I do not think the argument is logically convincing
        because some of the assumptions on which its conclusion rests
        are highly questionable for the following reasons.
第一段：At first glance, the author’s argument appears to be somewhat
        convincing, but further reflection reveals that it is based on
        some dubious assumptions.
最後一段：In conclusion, the author’s argument is not well reasoned
          because it rests on questionable assumptions.
最後一段：The argument is not acceptable because it does not have
          sufficient evidence to support its conclusion.

針對特定邏輯錯誤的萬用句：

★過度簡化(oversimplification)：找更多factors.

第一段：At first glance, the author’s argument appears to be somewhat
        convincing, but further reflection reveals that it leaves out
        some significant factors that should be addressed to substantiate
        the argument.
最後一段：Therefore, the conclusion lacks credibility because the evidence
          cited in the analysis does not lend strong support to what the
          author claims.
最後一段：The argument is mainly flawed because it overlooks certain major
          considerations.
最後一段：What works for X will not necessarily work for Y.

★錯誤類比(faulty analogy)：

第一段：I wonder whether the comparison of two things suggests that they
        are similar when they are, in fact, distinctively different.
最後一段：The argument wrongly assumes that X and Y are analogous.

★不合邏輯的推論(illogical reasoning)或無法檢驗的論點：

第一段：The argument is based on the writer’s own speculation rather
        than on the result of a study or on the government-released
        information. What is worse, he is trying to pass his speculation
        off as an established fact.
最後一段：The argument is invalid because its assumption that_______ is
          highly questionable.

以偏概全(overgeneralization)：

第一段：The author makes a logical connection between A and B, but he
        does not supply enough information to support its generalization.
最後一段：The evidence that the author lays out is not conclusive because
          only one example is rarely sufficient to establish a general
          conclusion.

誤用統計數字：

第一段：The argument makes a seemingly attractive claim, but its
        persuasive force is seriously weakened by the misinterpretation
        of its statistics.
最後一段：The author fails to interpret those statistics correctly.

時間先後不能視為因果

第一段：The author assumes that because one event follows another in time,
        the first event caused the second. In other words, he mistakes a
        temporal connection for a causal connection.
第一段：______may be a matter of coincidence, not cause and effect.
最後一段：There is no proof of a direct-cause relationship between X and Y.
最後一段：A post-hoc fallacy makes the argument invalid.

抽象概念被視為具體事實

第一段：An abstract concept is used as if it were concrete reality.
最後一段：The credibility of the survey is in doubt. If the survey is
          conducted by a reliable institution, the argument will be more
          convincing.

PS.打★是最常考的邏輯錯誤，如果模板背不完，至少要把打★的部份背熟。
   下載網址：http://www.formosamba.com/viewtopic.php?f=19&t=30845
※ 編輯: senge           來自: 219.81.224.130       (02/27 09:05)
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推 iammarsman:推字數超重要,有足和沒足至少差1分以上