1. Journalist: Although a recent poll found that more than half of all
eligible voters support the idea of a political party whose primary concern
is education, only 26 percent would like to join it, and only 16 percent
would be prepared for donate onley to it. Furthermore, there is overwhelming
historical evidence that only a party that has at least 30 percent of eligible
voters prepared to support it by either joining it or donating money to it is
viable in the long run. Therefore, it is unlikely that an education party is
viable in the long run.
The reasoning in the journalist's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on
the grounds that the argument fails to consider that:
ANS: some of the eligible voters who would donate money to an education party
might not be prepared to join such a party.
不懂為什麼是這個答案？
2. Although inflated government spending for weapons research encourages
waste at weapons research laboratories, weapons production plants must be
views as equally wasteful of taxpayer dollars. After all, by the government's
own admission, the weapon plant it plans to reopen will violate at least 69
environment, health, and safety law. The government has decided to reopen
the plant and exempt it from compliance, even though the weapons to be
produced there could be produced at the same cost ata safer facility.
The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to criticism on which one of
the following grounds?
ANS: It relies on evidence that does not directly address the issue of
wasteful spending.
有簡短解釋：The conclusion addresses the waste of taxpayer dollars, but the
premises address safety violation.
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3. It is not correct that the people of the United States, relative to
comparable countries, are the most lightly taxed. True, the United States has
the lowest tax, as percent of gross domestic product, of the Western
industrialized countries, but tax rates alone do not tell the whole story.
People in the United States pay out of pocket for many goods and services
provided from tzx revenues elsewhere. Consider universal health care, which is
an entitlement supported by tax revenues in every other Western industrialized
country. United States government health-care expenditures are equvalent to
about 5 percent of the gross domestic product, but private health-care
expenditures represent another 7 percent. This 7 percent, then, amounts to a
tax.
The argument concerning whether the people of the United States are the most
lightly taxed is most vulnerable to which one of the following criticisms?
ANS: It unreasonbly extends the application of a key term.
不懂為什麼？
4. An ancient Pavonian text describes how an army of one million enemies of
Pavonia stopped to drink at a certain lake and drank the lake dry. Recently,
archaelogists discovered that water-based life was suddenly absent just after
the event was alleged by the text to have occured. On the basis of reading
the text and an account of the archaeological evidence, some students
conclueded that the events described really took place.
Which one of the following is a questionable technique used by the students
to reach their conclusion?
ANS: taking evidence that a text has correctly described an effect to show
that the text has correctly described the cause.
不懂為什麼？
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台灣要朝邁向自由民主的法治社會努力
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※ 編輯: ilovemozart 來自: 61.231.186.84 (04/16 22:41)