推 picacoman:抽菸那題換言之A選項就是更加確立"憂鬱"是來自抽菸 12/21 19:38
→ picacoman:所以支持的意思 12/21 19:39
推 Sean0204:解釋的很清楚 12/22 17:09
※ 引述《picacoman (小剛炮)》之銘言：
: 71. (31165-!-item-!-188;#058&006004)
: In order to improve the long-term savings rate of its citizens, Levaska’s
: government has decided to introduce special savings accounts. Citizens can
: save up to $3,000 a year in special accounts without having to pay tax on the
: interest, unless they withdraw money from the account before they reach the
: age of sixty-five. If they do withdraw any money before that age, they have
: to pay tax on the accumulated interest and a penalty.
: Which of the following, if true, most seriously threatens the success of the
: government's plan?
: A. The banks and financial institutions where the special accounts will be
: held lobbied hard for their introduction.
: B. Nearly all workers in Levaska can already save money in tax-free accounts
: through their workplace.
: C. For the past ten years, Levaskans have been depositing an ever smaller
: percentage of their income in long-term savings.
: D. Many Levaskans continue to work beyond the age of sixty-five.
: E. In certain circumstances, such as a serious illness, the government plans
: to waive the penalty on early withdrawals from the special accounts.
: 正解(B)
: 看了CD上的詳解，解釋Ｂ說L這個地方的所有公民已經開設了這樣一個免稅帳戶。言下之意
: 說政府這個特殊帳戶沒什麼吸引力。
: 但一開始在寫Ｂ選項時不覺得是這個意思啊，Ｂ不就是說幾乎所有在Ｌ的worker都可以從
: 他們工作的地方把錢存進這個政府所推動的免稅帳戶嗎??
: 這不見代表著讓這個政策更為方便應該是支持才對啊
: 選項(E)在特殊情況像是嚴重的疾病，政府計畫取消對那些提早提款的處罰
: 這不才是ｗｅａｋｅｎ政府實施這個計畫的成功性嗎？
對於這兩題，小弟的想法是這樣:
Premise:政府想要增加民眾的長期儲蓄率，因此想出了special account的這個方法
這個account的特色是不用再對account的利息另外課稅。
Conclusion:民眾會因為這個special account的優惠而選擇將錢投入special account
，且因為提前領出存款會被罰款，所以長期儲蓄率達到增加的效果
(B)的選項說幾乎所有的worker都可以將錢存入tax-free account
那麼政府的方案對民眾來說自然沒有吸引力，也不會選擇將錢存入
這個special account了----weaken the argument
(E)的選項要成立，也要政府提出的方案先能夠吸引到資金存入
且取消罰金後會造成存款領出的結果才行，沒有(B)來的好
: =============================================================================
: 72. (30176-!-item-!-188;#058&005083)
: A study followed a group of teenagers who had never smoked and tracked whether
: they took up smoking and how their mental health changed. After one year, the
: incidence of depression among those who had taken up smoking was four times as
: high as it was among those who had not. Since nicotine in cigarettes changes
: brain chemistry, perhaps thereby affecting mood, it is likely that smoking
: contributes to depression in teenagers.
: Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
: A. Participants who were depressed at the start of the study were no more
: likely to be smokers after one year than those who were not depressed.
: B. The study did not distinguish between participants who smoked only
: occasionally and those who were heavy smokers.
: C. Few, if any, of the participants in the study were friends or relatives of
: other participants.
: D. Some participants entered and emerged from a period of depression within the
: year of the study.
: E. The researchers did not track use of alcohol by the teenagers.
: 正解(A)
: 這題在做時有點選不太出來，一樣看了ＣＤ上的詳解覺得翻譯怪怪的
: ＣＤ:A選項說參與這項調查的那些吸煙的孩子，在沒吸煙之前並不比那些不吸煙的孩子更
: 加容易患上抑鬱症，意思是說大家都是一樣的，確實是尼古丁造成的
: 而我個人對Ａ選項的翻譯是
: 那些在研究一開始就depressed的參加者，一年後和那些一開始沒depressed的參加者相比
: 也較不會成為會抽菸的人
: 題幹敘述的是 抽菸＝＞depressed 但A好像因果導致 depressed＝＞抽菸
: 而且題意前提是說:研究一開始都不會抽菸的孩子，一年後如果有抽菸的孩子比那些沒抽菸
: 的孩子有較高機會患有depressed
: 不是像ＣＤ說的"調查的都是吸菸的孩子"吧??
: 這題到底該如何求解
: 有請各路高手幫忙解惑了
: 感激 <(_ _)>
這題感覺像是assumption題
(A)的意思說:實驗一開始就有憂鬱傾向的人，沒有比沒憂鬱傾向的人更容易去抽菸
也就是說，如果原本就有憂鬱傾向的人更容易會去抽菸，那麼一年後的實驗結果:
"抽菸會讓人憂鬱"就不具有效性了!所以當(A)選項成立時，排除了這個可能
那麼實驗推論出來的結果才有可信度~
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◆ From: 114.24.93.16
※ 編輯: caliph 來自: 114.24.93.16 (12/21 18:58)