推 heine564:了解了 謝囉! 08/14 10:39
※ 引述《heine564 (築夢踏實)》之銘言：
: A study of marital relationships in which one partner's sleeping and waking
: cycles differ from those of the other partner reveals that such couples share
: fewer activities with each other and have more violent arguments than do
: couples in a relationship in which both partners follow the same sleeping and
: waking patterns. Thus, mismatched sleeping and waking cycles can seriously
: jeopardize a marriage.
: Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
: (A) Married couples in which both spouses follow the same sleeping and waking
: patterns also occasionally have arguments than can jeopardize the couple's
: marriage.
注意這句話的頻率詞'occasionally' 偶爾
通常看到這種模糊的，
不如'almost' 'never' 'often' 'always'在邏輯上比較容易架橋推演的頻率詞
我就會先抱持疑問態度。
這題的討論邏輯是：
premise：調查生活節奏不同的夫妻，發現他們比生活節奏相同的夫妻更容易吵架
conclusion：是生活節奏不同→破壞婚姻關係
考試時，這個簡單的因果鏈一寫出來，
立刻要反應：因果關係有幾種可能削弱的方法。
1.邏輯斷橋[如偷換概念、偷換範圍]
ex. premise寫的是couple，conclusion偷偷給你換成family
2.共有一因
ex.收入較低同時造成
1.日夜顛倒[不同時間兼差輪班帶小孩]
2.貧賤夫妻百事哀
並非1導致2
3.另有他因
是別的原因導致這樣的差別而非日夜顛倒。
4.倒因為果
就是這題的正確答案d。
5.只是巧合
再說回來，a選項說作息相同的夫妻偶爾也會吵架，
這個'偶爾'是一個模糊而'絕對'的頻率詞
但你看，題目的邏輯推演'相對的'：
作息不同的 '比' 作息相同的 '更'容易吵架
a選項只告訴我們每種夫妻都有可能吵架，
但是沒有反駁生活作息不同的夫妻'較高'的吵架頻率，
也就無法反駁結論。
: (B) The sleeping and waking cycles of individuals tend to vary from season to
: season.
: (C) The individuals who have sleeping and waking cycles that differ
: significantly from those of their spouses tend to argue little with
: colleagues at work.
: (D) People in unhappy marriages have been found to express hostility by
: adopting a different sleeping and waking cycle from that of their spouses.
: (E) According to a recent study, most people's sleeping and waking cycles can
: be controlled and modified easily.
: 原本選A，後來答案給D
: 現在D我懂了，但不懂A為何不行
: A我的理解是，不就是他因同果，所以weaken嗎?
你的'果'不只是'吵架'
而是'更常'吵架。
dustin
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