作者dounts (Donz GMAT)
看板GMAT
標題Re: [SC. ] OG13-93
時間Tue Dec 10 11:41:38 2013
在 Manhattan edtion 4th P70 有講到一段話
我想非常呼應 D 神所說的修辭精神
a) Sometimes (though not always), pronouns show a tendency to refer
to nouns in the same case, especially when they are embedded
in parallel structures. In particular, a pronoun in subject
position in one clause may often be presumed to refer to the subject
of a parallel clause, even if that subject is relatively far away.
在第四版中,強調 not always,也就是 D 神在推文說的,句意精神為主
有趣的是 在第五版中 Manhattan SC 把這段話放入
Pronoun and Modifier - Extra (P237)
並強調: The remaining two principles are not absolute:
5. Case
The pronoun and the antecedent should agree in case if they are in
parallel structures. In particular, a subject pronoun in one clause
often refers to a noun in subject position in another parallel clause.
In general, subject nouns make strong antecedents, even for somewhat
distant pronouns.
所以在第五版的部分又稍微更新了解釋。
在此和各位同學分享。
※ 引述《danyuchn (Javy)》之銘言:
: 感謝Donz分享,在這裡補充更多代名詞判斷的有用原則。
: 在GMAT裡面普通代名詞的指代的確是大家很苦惱的一件事情。
: 有的時候放得近解答說會混淆,有的時候放得遠解答還說是可以正確修飾。
: 這實在是讓當初剛捧起OG苦苦練看詳解的我們想殺人。
: 後來,我經過觀察GMAT的正確句子的語感順暢性,發現了一個很好用的原則:
: 好的句子為了清楚讓你明白誰要指代誰,普通代名詞若是出現在並列(連接)或平行之中
: 都會把代名詞跟被代替的先行詞放在同樣的文法位置,這樣句子讀得才清楚才順。
: 這種時候就可以優先去找同樣位子的名詞,看看是不是正確指代。
: 以下所列皆為正確句子整句:
: 1. The Wallerstein study indicates that even after a decade young men
: and women still experience some of the effects of a divorce that occurred
: when they were children.
: (they指代同樣位於主詞的young men and women)
: 48. The golden crab of the Gulf of Mexico has not been fished commercially
: in great numbers, primarily because it lives at great depths
: -- 2,500 to 3,000 feet down.
: (it指代同樣位於主詞的the golden crab)
: 69. Although she had signed a pledge of abstinence as an adolescent,
: Frances Willard was 35 years old before she chose to become a temperance
: activist.
: (she指代相同位置的主詞Frances Willard)
: 79. George Sand (Aurore Lucile Dupin) was one of the first European
: writers to consider the rural poor legitimate subjects for literature
: and to portray them with sympathy and respect in her novels.
: (them指代相同位置的受詞the rural poor)
: 86. His right hand and arm crippled by a sniper's bullet during
: the First World War, Horace Pippin, a Black American painter, worked by
: holding the brush in his right hand and guiding its movements with his left.
: (his指代相同位於主格的Horace Pippin)
: (第二第三個his因為指代同一性,所以跟著第一個his走)
: (its指代位於平行另一段,同樣是受詞的the brush)
: 87. Beyond the immediate cash flow crisis that the museum faces,
: its survival depends on whether it can broaden its membership and leave
: its cramped quarters for a site where it can store and exhibit its more
: than 12,000 artifacts.
: (it指代同樣位於主詞的museum)
: 97. Iguanas have been an important food source in Latin America since
: prehistoric times, and they are still prized as game animals by
: the campcsinos, who typically cook the meat in a heavily spiced stew.
: (they指代同樣位於主詞的iguanas)
: 若要多培養實戰語感,就是要多去讀正確句子,
: 想想「正確句子為什麼要這樣寫?」「不這樣寫會怎樣?」「為什麼這樣寫最清楚?」
: 像這裡,你就可以觀察到漂亮句子要的是「工整」有工整才會清晰,
: 才會讓人知道代名詞往哪裡對照最明確。
: 結論:倘若在平行並列出現的時候,優先去檢查同樣位置的詞
: 是否在句意上可以合理取代代名詞,跟 代名詞跟著的部分成分 的意思 一致銜接。
: 沒有在平行或並列中出現的時候(像本文這一題的within it),
: 再去仔細詳查整句句意,這樣在實戰中比較省時間。
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◆ From: 123.192.191.33
※ 編輯: dounts 來自: 123.192.191.33 (12/10 11:46)
推 xiezl:推。補充一下,曼哈坦這裡說的 pronoun指的只有 12/10 12:40
→ xiezl:人稱代名詞(personal pronoun)而已。其他的代名詞 12/10 12:41
推 danyuchn:推 補充 關係代名詞基本上是以就近指代為主 12/10 12:41
→ xiezl:像是關係、指示、不定、反身代名詞等,並不一定有這樣規則 12/10 12:41
→ xiezl:的適用。 12/10 12:41
→ danyuchn:另外 反身代名詞則是要去找該動作的發出者 12/10 12:41
→ xiezl:另外,人稱代名詞的指代,請用如下文法原則:數、格、意。 12/10 12:42
→ xiezl:數(單複數)一定要對。格(主受格)盡量要對。 12/10 12:43
→ danyuchn:檢查數量一致性 檢查位置對稱 檢查句意是否相符?我猜的 12/10 12:43
→ xiezl:意(意思)一定要合理。也就是,不得已的時候,犧牲格的一致 12/10 12:44
→ xiezl:這樣就能夠判斷「人稱代名詞」的指代是否正確。 12/10 12:44
→ xiezl:上述原則,按照順序檢查,最後才判斷意思是否正確。否則 12/10 12:46
→ xiezl:可能會有誤判。 12/10 12:46