看板 GMAT 關於我們 聯絡資訊
在 Manhattan edtion 4th P70 有講到一段話 我想非常呼應 D 神所說的修辭精神 a) Sometimes (though not always), pronouns show a tendency to refer to nouns in the same case, especially when they are embedded in parallel structures. In particular, a pronoun in subject position in one clause may often be presumed to refer to the subject of a parallel clause, even if that subject is relatively far away. 在第四版中,強調 not always,也就是 D 神在推文說的,句意精神為主 有趣的是 在第五版中 Manhattan SC 把這段話放入 Pronoun and Modifier - Extra (P237) 並強調: The remaining two principles are not absolute: 5. Case The pronoun and the antecedent should agree in case if they are in parallel structures. In particular, a subject pronoun in one clause often refers to a noun in subject position in another parallel clause. In general, subject nouns make strong antecedents, even for somewhat distant pronouns. 所以在第五版的部分又稍微更新了解釋。 在此和各位同學分享。 ※ 引述《danyuchn (Javy)》之銘言: : 感謝Donz分享,在這裡補充更多代名詞判斷的有用原則。 : 在GMAT裡面普通代名詞的指代的確是大家很苦惱的一件事情。 : 有的時候放得近解答說會混淆,有的時候放得遠解答還說是可以正確修飾。 : 這實在是讓當初剛捧起OG苦苦練看詳解的我們想殺人。 : 後來,我經過觀察GMAT的正確句子的語感順暢性,發現了一個很好用的原則: : 好的句子為了清楚讓你明白誰要指代誰,普通代名詞若是出現在並列(連接)或平行之中 : 都會把代名詞跟被代替的先行詞放在同樣的文法位置,這樣句子讀得才清楚才順。 : 這種時候就可以優先去找同樣位子的名詞,看看是不是正確指代。 : 以下所列皆為正確句子整句: : 1. The Wallerstein study indicates that even after a decade young men : and women still experience some of the effects of a divorce that occurred : when they were children. : (they指代同樣位於主詞的young men and women) : 48. The golden crab of the Gulf of Mexico has not been fished commercially : in great numbers, primarily because it lives at great depths : -- 2,500 to 3,000 feet down. : (it指代同樣位於主詞的the golden crab) : 69. Although she had signed a pledge of abstinence as an adolescent, : Frances Willard was 35 years old before she chose to become a temperance : activist. : (she指代相同位置的主詞Frances Willard) : 79. George Sand (Aurore Lucile Dupin) was one of the first European : writers to consider the rural poor legitimate subjects for literature : and to portray them with sympathy and respect in her novels. : (them指代相同位置的受詞the rural poor) : 86. His right hand and arm crippled by a sniper's bullet during : the First World War, Horace Pippin, a Black American painter, worked by : holding the brush in his right hand and guiding its movements with his left. : (his指代相同位於主格的Horace Pippin) : (第二第三個his因為指代同一性,所以跟著第一個his走) : (its指代位於平行另一段,同樣是受詞的the brush) : 87. Beyond the immediate cash flow crisis that the museum faces, : its survival depends on whether it can broaden its membership and leave : its cramped quarters for a site where it can store and exhibit its more : than 12,000 artifacts. : (it指代同樣位於主詞的museum) : 97. Iguanas have been an important food source in Latin America since : prehistoric times, and they are still prized as game animals by : the campcsinos, who typically cook the meat in a heavily spiced stew. : (they指代同樣位於主詞的iguanas) : 若要多培養實戰語感,就是要多去讀正確句子, : 想想「正確句子為什麼要這樣寫?」「不這樣寫會怎樣?」「為什麼這樣寫最清楚?」 : 像這裡,你就可以觀察到漂亮句子要的是「工整」有工整才會清晰, : 才會讓人知道代名詞往哪裡對照最明確。 : 結論:倘若在平行並列出現的時候,優先去檢查同樣位置的詞 : 是否在句意上可以合理取代代名詞,跟 代名詞跟著的部分成分 的意思 一致銜接。 : 沒有在平行或並列中出現的時候(像本文這一題的within it), : 再去仔細詳查整句句意,這樣在實戰中比較省時間。 -- Donz 機經討論 FB Group: http://ppt.cc/HqGz 11月 700 分最多的機經班 並有三人 760,兩人 740 Donz 12 月全修機經班,全修手稿資訊: http://ppt.cc/aJk2 -- ※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 123.192.191.33 ※ 編輯: dounts 來自: 123.192.191.33 (12/10 11:46)
xiezl:推。補充一下,曼哈坦這裡說的 pronoun指的只有 12/10 12:40
xiezl:人稱代名詞(personal pronoun)而已。其他的代名詞 12/10 12:41
danyuchn:推 補充 關係代名詞基本上是以就近指代為主 12/10 12:41
xiezl:像是關係、指示、不定、反身代名詞等,並不一定有這樣規則 12/10 12:41
xiezl:的適用。 12/10 12:41
danyuchn:另外 反身代名詞則是要去找該動作的發出者 12/10 12:41
xiezl:另外,人稱代名詞的指代,請用如下文法原則:數、格、意。 12/10 12:42
xiezl:數(單複數)一定要對。格(主受格)盡量要對。 12/10 12:43
danyuchn:檢查數量一致性 檢查位置對稱 檢查句意是否相符?我猜的 12/10 12:43
xiezl:意(意思)一定要合理。也就是,不得已的時候,犧牲格的一致 12/10 12:44
xiezl:這樣就能夠判斷「人稱代名詞」的指代是否正確。 12/10 12:44
xiezl:上述原則,按照順序檢查,最後才判斷意思是否正確。否則 12/10 12:46
xiezl:可能會有誤判。 12/10 12:46