課程名稱：西洋哲學史(三)：從理性論到經驗論
課程性質：必修
課程範圍：Descartes、Spinoza、Leibniz
開課教師：羅麗君
開課學院：文學院
開課系級：哲學三
考試日期(年月日)：99年11月18日
考試時限(Mins)：3小時
試題本文：
請回答以下問題：
1.請以下段文字的內容為指引，首先說明Descartes如何提出「cogito, ergo sum」的命
題，再進一步分析「自我」(I)概念的意涵。(25分)
If I conceived myself of something than I certainly existed. But there is a
deceiver of supreme power and cunning who is deliberately and constantly
deceiving me. In that case I too undoubtedly exist, if he is deceiving me;
and let him deceive me as much as he can, he will never bring it about that
I am nothing so long as I think that I am something. So after considering
everything very thoroughly, I must finally conclude that this proposition,
I am, I exist, is necessarily true whenever it is put forward by me or
conceived in my mind.
─from Descartes' Meditation, p.467.
2.請說明中世紀哲學家St. Anselm(1033-1109)和近代哲學家Descartes(1596-1650)二者
有關上帝存在的「存有學論證」(Ontological Argument)，並嘗試舉出至少一位後世哲
學家針對「存有學論證」的批判觀點。(25%)
3.請用"natura naturans"和"natura naturata"兩組對比的概念去說明Spinoza
(1632-1677)之汎神論實體形上學體系的內容。(25%)
4.請詳細說明Leibniz(1646-1716)之「單子論」形上學體系。(25分)
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