請各位同學務必出席
謝謝
**國立清華大學語言所九十七學年專題演講二**
演講者: Prof. Jerold A. Edmondson
(The University of Texas at Arlington )
演講題目: Valves of the throat and their functioning
時間: 2008.10.15 (星期三) 12:30
地點: 人社院語言所研討室(B305室)
摘要:
This paper will address a classic problem in phonetic theory; how is one to
define THE STATES OF THE GLOTTIS. In answering this problem The Late Great
Peter Ladefoged proposed in 1971 the CONTINUUM HYPOTHESIS suggesting that
the states of the glottis could be characterized as a continuum resulting
from variation of the opening between the arytenoid cartilages, with "open
glottis" and "closed glottis" serving as the endpoints.
這個報告是在討論一個語音學理論的典型的問題；一個人如何定義THE STATES OF THE
GLOTTIS聲門的狀況。對這個問題的回答前語音學家Peter Ladefoged在1971 的
CONTINUUM HYPOTHESIS ‘連續性的假設’裏談到過聲門的狀況具有連續的特性,其結果
來自于兩端的杓狀軟骨之間開放與關閉的情況。
[open] VOICELESS ─ BREATHY ─ MODAL ─ CREAKY ─ GLOTTAL(IZED)
[closed]
[開放] 無聲的 ─ 帶呼吸聲的 ─模態的 ─ ?嘎音 ─ 近乎關閉
[關閉]
This paper will propose that laryngeal configurations arise by activating a
more complex system of valves than just the glottis to control airflow
through the throat. Moreover, these more complex valves are not organized
as a continuum along a single anatomical structural parameter (such as the
opening and closing of the arytenoids). The VALVE HYPOTHESIS will consist
of:
這篇報告提出喉頭結構是被一個複雜的閥門系統所控制的。除了聲門之外還有其他的發
音器官來控制通過喉嚨的氣流。然而，這個閥門系統有六個閥門，它們都不在同一個部
位，而且都有不同的功能：
* (Valve 1) glottal vocal fold adduction and abduction,
* （閥門 1）聲帶關閉與分開
* (Valve 2) partial covering and damping of the adducted glottal vocal
folds by the ventricular folds,
* （閥門 2）准聲帶蓋住閥門1防止它振動
* (Valve 3) sphincteric compression forward and upward of the arytenoids,
* （閥門 3）勺會厭肌帶向前和向上
* (Valve 4) retraction of the tongue and epiglottis moving backward and
downward, culminating in extreme cases in full closure onto the pharyngeal
wall,
* （閥門 4）勺會厭肌往後面及往下面收縮。最極端的情況是收縮到咽腔壁
* (Valve 5) laryngeal raising/lowering,
* （閥門 5）這個閥門把聲門抬起和放下
* (Valve 6) narrowing inward along the airflow pathway
* （閥門 6）往?沿著氣流的路徑擠壓
We will provide laryngoscopic images at 30 frames/second of the functioning
of these valves with model talker John H Esling and also with real native
speaker data in languages where these valves are involved contrastively.
These six valves will allow us to define more precisely the articulations of
important vocal registers including: model vocal register, harsh vocal
register, creaky vocal register, breathy vocal register, faucalized vocal
register, prephonation, epiglottal and pharyngeal stops, and a variety of
trills in the epiglottal area. The language examined include: Tibetan,
Korean, Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka), Nlaka’pamux (Thompson), Thai, Sui, Amis,
Pame (Otomangean language of Mexico), Kabiye (Togo), Somali, Iraqi Arabic,
Tigrinya, Cantonese, Yi, Dinka, and Bai.
我們會提供喉鏡的影像（30 frames/second）顯示閥門的功能。有一個母語人會示範母
音。這六個閥門可以用來決定音域的類別,例如：普通音，擦塞音，?嘎音，氣化音，
咽喉軟顎音（哈欠音），發聲前狀況，勺會厭肌和咽腔塞音，幾種的勺會厭肌顫音。這
些語言包括：Tibetan, Korean, Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka), Nlaka’pamux
(Thompson), Thai,
Sui, Amis, Pame (Otomangean language of Mexico), Kabiye (Togo), Somali,
Iraqi Arabic, Tigrinya, Cantonese, Yi, Dinka, and Bai.
--
※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc)
◆ From: 140.114.116.31