課程名稱︰生理心理學
課程性質︰必帶
課程教師︰賴文崧
開課學院：理學院
開課系所︰心理學系
考試日期（年月日）︰103/1/6
考試時限（分鐘）：180
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
一、單選題：每題一分，共50分
1. The substance tetrodotoxin (TTX), found in the ovaries of pufferfish, is
useful for studying the ionic mechanisms of the neuron because it ______.
A.Directly stimulates neurons.
B.Selectively blocks sodium channels.
C.Seletively blocks potassium channels.
D.Prevents ion channels from closing.
2. What is correct about an autoreceptor?
A.It usually locates in postsynaptic membrane of nerve cells.
B.Its key rule is to degrade transmitter molecules.
C.It monitors the amount of transmitter molecules in a synaptic cleft.
D.All of the above is true.
3. Migrating neurons are guided during migration by ______.
A.radial glia
B.oligodendrocytes
C.Schwann cells
D.astrocytes
4. According to your textbook or our curent understanding, which one of the
following disorders is NOT directly related to intrinsic factors (genes)
that affect brain development?
A.William syndrome
B.Fetal alcohol syndrome
C.Autism
D.Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
5. Which of the following describes the blood-brain barrier?
A.It is a property of the blood vessels of the brain that promotes the
diffusion of nutrients into the tissue of the brain.
B.It is a property of neurons that prevents them from accidentally
releasing their neurotransmitters into the blood circulation.
C.It is a part of the immune system that involves the release of
antibodies to protect the brain from infectious agents.
D.It is a part of the closely packed endothelial cells of the walls of
brain capillaries that prevents large molecules from entering the
brain.
6. ______ is a gene-manipulated process that cells die in a naturally occurring
manner; on the other hand, ______ is a cell death process caused by
external factors, such as injuries or toxins.
A.necrosis; apoptosis
B.apoptosis; mutagenesis
C.mutagenesis; apoptosis
D.apoptosis; necrosis
7. Virtually all general anesthetics are noncompetitive ______ at ______
receptors.
A.Agonists; dopamine
B.Antagonists; serotonin
C.Agonists; GABA-A
D.Antagonists; GABA-A
8. The GABA-A receptor is a ligand-gated ______ channel.
A.calcium
B.chloride
C.sodium
D.potassium
9. Which description about the genetic dissection of circadian rhythms is NOT
correct?
A.The Clock/Cycle dimer enhances the transcription of per and cry genes.
B.It takes less than 24 hours to degrade the Period and Cryptochrome
complex.
C.Period and Cryptochrome proteins will combined together to inhibit the
transcription of per and cry genes.
D.Glutamate from the activated retinal ganglion cells can speed up the
degradation of the complex.
10.Autopsy results from people who have died of fatal familial insomnia (FFI)
show evidence of degeneration in the ______.
A.thalamus
B.locus coeruleus
C.basal forebrain
D.tuberomammilary nuclei
11.According to your textbook, aged rats that perform poorly on spatial tasks
of learning and memory particularly show disruption of ______ neurons.
A.Cholinergic
B.Serotonergic
C.Dopaminergic
D.Glutamatergic
12.Which of the following brain region is NOT one of the prominent damaged
sites in Korsakoff's syndrome?
A.Cerebellum
B.Mammilary bodies
C.Basal frontal lobes
D.Dorsomedial thalamus
13.Which brain area is mainly responsible for the loss of episodic memory?
A.Cortex
B.Amygdala
C.Thalamus
D.Hippocampus
14.The sex difference in hippocampal size that is apparent in ______ voles is
hypothesized to be related to their ______ mating system.
A.pine; monogamous
B.pine; polygynous
C.meadow; monogamous
D.meadow; polygynous
15.In early selection models of attention, perceptual analysis and semantic
meaning occurs
A.after awareness.
B.before sensory registration.
C.after the attentional bottleneck.
D.before the attentional bottleneck.
16.Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the sleep patterns in
patients with depression?
A.Excessive amounts of stages 3 and 4 SWS
B.Increased amounts of REM in the first half of sleep
C.Difficulty falling asleep
D.Rapid onset of REM sleep
17.Mad cow disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease are degernerative brain
diseases caused by
A.bacteria.
B.virus.
C.a retroviral infection.
D.prions.
18.In normal subjects, the substance dexamethasone ______
A.increases levels of circulating cortisol.
B.produces major peak periods of cortisol secretion in the blood.
C.enhances the release of ACTH.
D.suppresses cortisol levels in the blood.
19.An increase in the expression of the gene for beta-catenin in transgenic
mice produces a(n)
A.highly folded cortex.
B.smooth cortex.
C.decrease in the size of the frontal cortex.
D.increase in the size of the frontal cortex.
20.According to your textbook, among primates, brain cortex size can be
correlated with the size of ______.
A.body weight
B.social groups
C.prey
D.sexual organ
21.Which of the following is NOT a monoamine neurotransmitter?
A.Acetylcholine
B.Serotonin
C.Epinephrine
D.Dopamine
22.A drug that affects the function of a receptor without impeding the access
of neurotransmitter molecules to their binding sites on the receptor is a
A.competitive ligand.
B.noncompetitve ligand.
C.nonselective agonist.
D.nonselective antagonist.
23.Which experimental method can detect the releasing neurotransmitter in
awake, behaving animals?
A.Microdialysis
B.Self-administration
C.In situ hybridization
D.Autoradiography
24.The development of ______ tolerance may result in a change in the number of
receptors present in the cell membrane.
A.therapeutic
B.metabolic
C.functional
D.cross-
25.Inhibition of return (IOR) refers to
A.the "popping out" into awareness of a task-irrelevant item.
B.the search for a sought-after item.
C.relative suppression of processing of target stimuli that had recently
been the focus of attention.
D.the conscious inhibition of the feature search in a previously attended
spatial location.
26.If drug A is found to bind to a certain type of receptor for longer than
drug B does, then drug A is said to have greater binding ______.
A.specificity
B.potency
C.selectivity
D.affinity
27.______ is intended to explain two different phenomena: the advantage of
sexual reproduction at the level of individuals, and the constant
evolutionary arms race between competing species.
A.Bottleneck effect
B.The Baldwin effect
C.Handicap principle
D.The red queen hypothesis
28.The Baldwin effect means ______
A.a more frequent and continuous use of any organ gradually strengthens
that organ.
B.the evolution of anatomical and behavioral differences between males and
females.
C.individual's learning behavior could bring alternative in population
evolution.
D.population genetic diversity decreases sharply while a catastrophic
event happen.
29.The type of rhythmicity characterized by the regular, predictable onset of a
particular behavior every six hours is called
A.circannual
B.ultradian
C.circadian
D.infradian
30.Damage to the ______ in humans produces difficulties in suppressing unwanted
reorientation of the eyes toward peripheral distracters.
A.temporoparietal junction (TPJ)
B.frontal eye field (FEF)
C.pulvinar
D.LIP
31.Which of the following about the effects of lesion the indirect route early
in songbirds is true?
A.There is no effect on song performance.
B.Storage of the tutor song is inhibited.
C.Song develops, but is disorganized.
D.Song development is disrupted.
32.A test in which a safe, short-lasting local anesthetic is injected into one
carotid artery to determine which cerebral hemisphere is the principlal
mediator of language is called the ______ test.
A.Wernicke
B.Wada
C.Broca
D.temporary decortication
33.______ has been used to reduce epileptic seizures. This procedure has also
revealed the differing language functions of different brain hemispheres or
regions.
A.mirror image therapy
B.constraint-induced-movement therapy
C.deep brain stimulation
D.split-brain surgery
34.Prosopagnosia (Greek: "prosopon"="face", "agnosia"="not knowing") is caused
by brain injury to the
A.left visual cortex.
B.left hippocampal system.
C.right primary visual cortex.
D.fusiform gyrus.
35.Which one of the following descriptions about anterograde labeling is wrong?
A.It is from axon terminal to cell body.
B.It is done by axonal transport.
C.Allow the "mapping" of connections between neurons in a particular
structure.
D.Motor protein Kinesin is for anterograde axonal transport.
36.Song development in canaries and zebra finches depends on ______
A.maturation of the nervous system.
B.lifelong exposure to the sounds of conspecifics.
C.exposure to adult birdsong early in life, during a sensitive period.
D.copying the songs of females.
37.Which of the following about Williams syndrome is true?
A.caused by the spontaneous deletion of genetic material from the region
q11.23 of chromosome 7
B.characterized by a distinctive, "elfin" facial appearance
C.unusually cheerful and ease with strangers
D.developmental delay coupled with strong language skill
E.all of above are true
38.According to the facial feedback hypothesis,
A.our sensory response is controlled by amygdala.
B.emotional facial expression is universal.
C.human language may be evolved from facial expression and hand gestures.
D.our emotional experience is affected by our facial sensory feedback.
39.Patients with damage to the amygdala (such as Patient S.M.) ______.
A.have poor intelligence
B.do not feel or express a normal fear response
C.exhibit strong startle response
D.still can recognize fearful expressions in other people well
40.Which of the following techniques or methods can be used to repeatedly
visualize dendritic changes in the living brain of the same mice undergoing
fear conditioning?
A.two-photon excitation microscopy
B.functional magnetic resonance imaging
C.event-related potential
D.diffusion tensor imaging
41.Studies of soldiers training for parachute jumps revealed that an arry of
autonomic and endocrine changes accompany such stressful experiences. Which
of the following endovrine response is significantly decreased right before
the day's jump?
A.testosterone
B.epinephrine
C.cortisol
D.dopamine
42.Paul MacLean argues that the limbic system can increase individual survival
by ______.
A.reducing energy consumption
B.eliciting reactions to emergency events in the environment
C.attracting to the opposite sex
D.producing facial expressions
43.The restoration of sexual function in a castrated male treated with
testosterone demonstrates the ______ of hormones.
A.organization effect
B.the Coolidge effect
C.activational effect
D.Bruce effect
44.______ secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland can inhibit male
sexual behavior; ______ secreted by the posterior lobe of pituitary gland
can promote ejaculation and vaginal contraction during sexual behavior.
A.Oxytocin; prolactin
B.Prolactin; oxytocin
C.Vasopressin; oxytocin
D.Oxytocin; vasopressin
45.Which brain area is NOT related to parenting behavior in rodents?
A.Medial preoptic area (mPOA).
B.Major histocompatibility complex (MHC).
C.Ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH).
D.Periaqueductal gray (PAG).
46.During mammalian sexual differentiation, the female internal reproduction
tract develops from the ______.
A.testes
B.Mullerian duct system
C.Wolffian duct system
D.ovaries
47.Two pieces of the human genome are particularly useful in deciphering human
history. One is the ______ comes from maternal and the other is the ______
comes from paternal.
A.X chromosome; Y chromosome
B.X chromosome; mitochondria DNA
C.X chromosome; X chromosome
D.mitochondria DNA; Y chromosome
48.What is the idea of homeostasis?
A.sexual attraciton or sexual behavior between members of the same sex or
gender
B.have similar form or function, but were not present in the last common
ancestor of those groups
C.existence of shared ancestry between a pair of structures, or genes, in
different species
D.organism is maintained in a relative constant internal environment by an
array of mechanism in the body
49.Compared to hormones, the effects of neurotransmitters are generally
A.more widespread in the body.
B.more limited with respect to target sites.
C.longer lasting.
D.graded in strength.
50.If steroid hormones affect cell through binding nuclear receptors and with
affecting gene expression is called
A.glucose metabolism.
B.aromatization.
C.steroid receptor cofactors.
D.genomic effects.
二、名詞解釋：每題2分，共30分
1. engram
2. neuroeconomics
3. narcolepsy
4. working memory
5. place cell
6. memory reconsolidation
7. psychoneuroimmunology
8. hypofrontality hypothesis
9. default mode network
10.optogenetics
11.Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)
12.dylexia
13.neuroleptic
14.FOXP2 gene
15.suprachiasmatic nuclues (SCN)
三、簡答申論題：每題8分，共32分
1.在進行認知神經科學相關研究時，常會使用到event-related potentials (ERP)及
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)這兩種技術，請先說明這兩種技術各
自為何?(2分) 再分別說明這兩種技術的優缺點(4分)，並舉出一個例子說明如果你要進
行何種實驗時會使用到這種研究方法(擇一)?為何使用這樣的技術有助於回答你的問題?
(2分)
2.試述何謂Hebbian rule? LTP (long-term potentiation)的發現如何提供一個實驗證據
去說明Hebbian rule? 並具體詳實地說明或以圖示說明LTP形成之突觸前後相關離子與
受體的改變機制。
3.請先列表或條列式說明以非人類之動物做為神經科學研究議題的對象有何優缺點，再來
請你從生物心理學家的角度，提出三個研究問題，第一個必須藉由人類以外的動物實驗
才得以獲得解答，第二個則是必須以人類做為受試，第三個則是無論人或動物都可以回
答的共通問題。請仔細說明該種受試對象選擇的必然性，並且簡單提出實驗方法(包含
實驗設計與技術)解決你自己提出的研究問題。
[如：探討多巴胺神經細胞對酬賞學習之習得階段的神經生理反應?
針對大鼠腦中之黑質體多巴胺神經細胞用單一神經元電生理記錄方式，在操作制
約學習中的酬賞習得階段，直接記錄這些多巴胺神經細胞的電生理反應。]
4.Wernicke曾提過一個語言理論Connectionist perspective去解釋失語，Geschwind將之
擴張成為一個disconnectino theory (loss of connections among brain region in
the network)。請寫出在這神經模型中，以下四種失語症(包括Broca aphasia,
Wernicke aphasia, global aphasia, conduction aphasia)受損的腦區或部位為何?
所造成的語言缺陷或失語症分別有哪些不同的特徵以及語言認知功能上的影響?(例如：
paraphasia, repetition, naming 等功能)
(總分112)
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