→ alyen:umm... how come it becomes more complicated after 11/07 20:12
→ alyen:posting here... the format is weird! 11/07 20:13
推 chitanes:感謝 aLeX !!! 11/07 20:27
thought its not important at the beginning...
since it's worth 10%... 就趕緊作份臨時共筆!!! (actually juz same as the text!)
“Antony van Leeuwenhoek”
1st person to observe and describe microorganisms accurately through a
microscope he made.
“Louis Pasteur”
1)-Shows that microorganisms do not arise by spontaneous generation.
EXPERIMENT- Placed nutrient solutions in flasks, heated their necks in a flame, and drew them out into variety of curves, while keeping the ends of the necks open to the atmosphere. Pasteur then boiled the solutions for a few minutes and allowed them to cool.
CONCLUSION- No growth took place even though the contents of the flasks were exposed to the air. Pasteur pointed out that the dust and germs had been trapped on the walls of the curved necks.
2) Also showed that fermentations were caused by microorganisms and that some microorganisms could live in the absence of oxygen.
“Sergei N.Winogradsky”
-made many contributions to soil microbiology. Discover that soil bacteria could oxidize iron, sulfur, and ammonia to obtain energy, and that many bacteria could incorporate CO2 into organic matter much like photosynthetic organisms do.
Also isolate anaerobic nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria and studied the decomposition of cellulose.
“Walther Hesse”
-one of Koch’s assistants. His wife, “Fannie Elishemius Hesse” suggested the use of agar as a solidifying agent. Agar was not attacked by most bacteria and did not melt until reaching a temperature of 100C.
Another assistant, “Richard Petri”, developed the Petri dish (plate), a container for solid culture media. These developments made possible to isolate pure culture that contained only one type of bacterium.
"Elie Metchnikoiff"
- discovered that some blood leukocytes could engulf disease-causing bacteria. He called these cells phagocytes and the process phagocytosis.
"Rita R. Colwell" (don’t see it… :( )
描述 Koch`s postulates
Robert Koch- first direct demonstration of the role of bacteria in causing disease came from the study of anthrax. Koch injected healthy mice with material from diseased animals and the mice became ill. He first incubated a piece of spleen containing the anthrax bacillums in beef serum. Let the bacilli grew, reproduced, and produced spores, then inject spores into mice, so anthrax developed.
His Postulates:
1) The microorganism must be present in every case of the disease bu absent from healthy organisms.
2) The suspected microorganism must be isolated and grown in a pure culture
3) The same disease much result when the isolated microorganism is inoculated into a healthy host
4) The same microorganism must be isolated again from the diseased host.
书
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