[情報] 11/9(四)普植power point

[gemini7767 (瑜)]

Seeweeds
        Large marine algae:
        Phaeophyta, rhodophyta and chlorophyta
        Intertidal and subtidal zones of coastal water
        Kombu昆布: rich iodine and essential minerals
        Brown algae- algin藻膠
        Red algae- agar and carageenan鹿角菜膠

Brown algae: phaeophyta褐藻門
        Brown algae, or are the largest and most complex algae
          --are all multicellular, and most are marine
        1500 species
        Cooler regions of the world
        Pigments: chl. a, chl. c, various carotenoids—xanthophylls, fucoxanthin
        Food reserve: laminarin褐藻澱粉or 昆布糖 stored in vacuoles
        Without pyrenoids
        Reproduction: oogamy, heteromorphic, type of life cycle
        Intercalary growth
        Mannito(甘露醇) is the primary carbohydrate that is translocated along with amino acids
        Food-conduction cells, sieve plates(篩板): 60m/hr
        Include many of the species commonly called seaweeds

Red algae: phylum rhodophyta紅藻
        Red algae are reddish in color
        Due to an accessory pigment call phycoerythrin, which masks the green of chlorophyll
                4000~6000 species in 680 genera
                Multicellular organisms (a few unicellular species)
                No flagellated cells in the life cycle
                Pigments: phycoerythrin (red), phycocyanin (blue), chl.a, chl. d, craotenoids
        Phycobilins: particularly well suited to the absorption of the green and blue-green light that penetrates into deep water
                Coralline algae造礁藻類

Green algae: phylum chlorophyta
        Green algae
                Are named for their grass-green chloroplasts
                Are divided into two main groups: chlorophytes and charophyceans
                Are closely related to land plants
                17000 species
                Most aquatic (most in fresh water)
                Resemble plants
                1.      contain chl.a, chl. b
                2.      stored starch inside plastids
                3.      some, cell walls composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectic substances
                4.      flagellated reproductive cells-plant sperm
                5.      some, production of phytochrome
                green alage are believed to be the protest group from which plants evolved
                unicellular form
                2equal flagella
                Cell wall: glycoprotein
                Sexually reproduction: N starvation, zygotic meiosis
                Haploid phase is dominant phase
                Colonies
                Haploid
                Spheroid: 500~60000 cells
                Asexual reproduction: mitosis-juvenile spheroid
                Sexual: oogamous, synchronized
                Sexual inducer molecule: glycoprotein mw 30000
                Oogamous, bisexual or unisexual
                Zygote- dormant in parent colony → meiosis → zoospores(n)
                The cell are coenocytic
                Grow up to 75cm
                Asexual:
                Sexual: isogametes

Class ulvophyceae石蓴綱
        Primary marine (a few in fresh water)
        Filamentous, flat sheets of cells
        Nuclear envelope persists in mitosis
        Spindle is persist through Cytokinesis
        Alternation of generations
        Sporic meiosis

Class charophyceae輪藻綱
        Asymmetrical flagellated cells
        Breakdown of the nuclear envelope at mitosis
        Persistent spindles or phragmoplasts at Cytokinesis
        Sporopollenin孢子花粉素
        Presence of phytochrome
        Ex: 水棉
        Coleochaetales (order)
        Plantlike microtubular phragmoplast
        Oogamous
        Ultrastructure of sperm
        Branched filamentous, discoid (disk-shaped)

Order charales輪藻目
        250 species
        Fresh water or sometimes brackish water


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