1. Which one of the following statements is true regarding rotavirus infection
in children?
A : Almost 70% of hospitalizations for acute diarrhea worldwide are
caused by rotavirus infection.
B : A single strain of rotavirus is endemic in Africa.
C : Effective hygiene represents the best hope for preventing
rotavirus infection.
D : Almost half of all deaths attributable to rotavirus infection
worldwide occur in sub-Saharan Africa.
ANS: D
The correct answer is D. Statements A, B, and C are incorrect. The World
Health Organization estimates that globally 527,000 deaths occur each year
among children as a result of rotavirus infection; more than 230,000 of the
deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa. Among young children hospitalized for
acute diarrhea, the median detection rate for rotavirus was 40% globally and
41% in Africa. In this study, the diversity of the circulating strains was
striking. In Malawi, only 12.9% of the rotavirus strains were G1P[8] — the
strain on which the studied vaccine is based and the most commonly occurring
strain globally. Vaccines represent the best hope for preventing the severe
consequences of rotavirus infection, especially in impoverished regions where
resources and access to care may be limited.
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2. Which one of the following statements describes a property of the rotavirus
vaccine used in this study (Effect of Human Rotavirus Vaccine on Severe Diarrhea in African Infants
Shabir A. Madhi, et al. N Engl J Med 2010; 362:289-298, January 28, 2010)?
A : It is administered by mouth.
B : It is a killed vaccine.
C : It is contraindicated for children younger than 3 months of age.
D : It is administered as a single dose.
ANS: A
DISCUSSION FOR ANSWER A:
The correct answer is A. Statements B, C, and D are incorrect. Rotarix is a
live attenuated rotavirus vaccine that is administered by mouth. The vaccine
is not contraindicated for children younger than 3 months of age. It is
administered as a two-dose or three-dose series in infants and children.
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