[噗浪] Dissolved and particulate metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb) in

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habitats from an active hydrothermal field on the EPR at 13°N


Dissolved and particulate metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb) in two
habitats from an active hydrothermal field on the EPR at 13°N
Pierre-Marie Sarradina,., Delphine Lannuzela, Matthieu Waelesb, Philippe Crassousa,
Nadine Le Brisa, Jean Claude Capraisa, Yves Fouquetc, Marie Claire Fabria, Ricardo Risob
aDepartement Etudes des Ecosystemes Profonds, Ifremer centre de Brest, BP70, F-29280 Plouzane, France
bLaboratoire de Chimie Marine, UBO et UMR CNRS 7144, Place Nicolas Copernic, F-29280 Plouzane, France
cDepartement Geosciences Marines, Ifremer centre de Brest, BP70, F-29280 Plouzane, France
A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T
Article history:
Received 15 May 2007
Received in revised form
9 November 2007
Accepted 10 November 2007
The distribution of Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd between the dissolved (<2 μm) and the particulate
(>2 μm) fractions was measured after in-situ filtration in two hydrothermal habitats. The
total metal concentration ranges exhibit a clear enrichment compared with the seawater
concentration, accounting for the hydrothermal input for all the metals considered. Iron is
the predominant metal (5–50 μM) followed by Zn and Cu. Cd and Pb are present at the nM
level. At the scale studied, the behavior of temperature, pH and dissolved iron is semiconservative
whereas the other dissolved and particulate metals are characterized by nonconservative
patterns. The metal enrichment of the >2 μm fraction results from the
settlement and accumulation of particulate matter close to the organisms, acting as a
secondary metal source. The enrichment observed in the dissolved fraction can be related to
the dissolution or oxidation of particles (mainly polymetallic sulfide) or to the presence of
small particles and large colloids not retained on the 2 μm frit. SEM observations indicate
that the bulk particulate observed is characteristic of crystalline particles settling rapidly
from the high temperature smoker (sphalerite, wurtzite and pyrite), amorphous structures
and eroded particles formed in the external zone of the chimney. Precipitation of Zn, Cu, Cd
and Pb with Fe as wurtzite, sphalerite and pyrite is the main process taking place within the
area studied and is semi-quantitative. The distribution of the dominant observed fauna has
been related to the gradient resulting from the dilution process, with the alvinellids worms
colonizing the hotter and more variable part of the mixing zone, but also to the metallic load
of the mixing zone. Dissolved and particulate metal concentrations are therefore necessary
abiotic factors to be studied in a multiparametric approach to understand the faunal
distribution in hydrothermal ecosystems.
c 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords:
Metals
Dissolved
Particulate
Habitats
Hydrothermal fauna
1. Introduction
Deep-ocean hydrothermalism is the meeting point of deepseated
geological processes with the ocean above resulting in
the transfer of heat and chemicals from the earth's deep
mantle and the crust, through volcanic and hydrothermal
systems. The physical and chemical characteristics of vent
emissions are initially the result of complex rock seawater
interactions in the subsurface that form high temperature
hydrothermal fluids. These fluids can be subsequently modified
by subseafloor and near surface mixing with background
seawater leading to a variety of emitted fluids enriched with
S C I E N C E O F T H E T O T A L E N V I R O N M E N T 3 9 2 ( 2 0 0 8 ) 1 1 9 – 1 2 9
. Corresponding author. Tel.: [phone].
E-mail address: [e-mail] (P.-M. Sarradin).
0048-9697/$ – see front matter c 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.11.015

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