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[Ginevra (姞霓娃)]

The state's role in promoting population health:
Public health concerns in Canada, USA, UK, and Sweden
Dennis Raphael a, Toba Bryant b.


a. School of Health Policy and Management, Atkinson Faculty of Liberal
   and Professional Studies, York University, 4700 Keele Street,
   Toronto, Ont., Canada M3J 1P3

b. Centre for Research in Inner City Health, St. Michael's Hospital,
   70 Richmond St. E., 4th floor, Toronto, Ont., Canada M5C 1N8


Abstract
Despite the expanding literature on the importance role public policy
plays in influencing the broader determinants of the public's health,
profound differences exist among jurisdictions in the attention placed
by the State - as represented by public health authorities
and agencies - upon such activities.


In this paper we examine the dominant public health models of Canada,
USA, UK, and Sweden. The Canadian and USA public health communities
are focused upon individualized approaches to risk management.

In contrast, the UK and Swedish public health scenes are more oriented
toward broader approaches to health determinants. We argue that the extent
to which governments, public health agencies and public health workers
concern themselves with public policy approaches to address broader
determinants of health depends upon the particular model of health adhered
to within each jurisdiction.


And whether a health model is adopted depends upon the ideological and
political context within which a nation is situated.
Canada represents a situation where concerted effort to influence
governmental policy directions by the public health community could
reap significant benefits.



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