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氣候暖化 阿薩姆紅茶走味
【聯合報╱編譯田思怡／美聯社印度高哈蒂31日電】
印度最大產茶區阿薩姆省的茶農抱怨說，氣候暖化不僅使茶產量減少，連茶的味道都變淡
了。
阿薩姆省出產全球最上等的紅茶，經常被當成英式早餐茶販售。阿薩姆紅茶的特色是香濃
、醇厚和帶勁。
專業品茶家查里哈說：「過去我們能喝到清新、香濃的好茶，現在差多了。」
茶農巴魯阿也有同感，阿薩姆紅茶變淡了。他說：「我們很擔心，香濃是阿薩姆紅茶的招
牌。」茶農呼籲政府出資研究氣候變化對紅茶味道變淡的影響。
氣溫上升和降雨變化使阿薩姆的茶產量大幅下滑，2010年估計只有46萬噸。產量下滑使阿
薩姆紅茶去年價格漲一成。
不僅印度茶農抱怨氣候暖化改變茶的味道，法國的葡萄酒業者也注意到氣候暖化使葡萄酒
的酒精成分和味道改變。
資料來源：http://udn.com/NEWS/WORLD/WOR4/6069408.shtml
新聞原文來源：
Tea off: India's farmers say climate changing brew
GAUHATI, India (AP) — In this humid, lush region where an important part of
the world's breakfast is born, the evidence of climate change is — literally
— a weak tea.
Growers in tropical Assam state, India's main tea growing region, say rising
temperatures have led not only to a drop in production but to subtle,
unwelcome changes in the flavor of their brews.
The area in northeastern India is the source of some of the finest black and
British-style teas. Assam teas are notable for their heartiness, strength and
body, and are often sold as "breakfast" teas.
"Earlier, we used to get a bright, strong cup. Now it's not so," said L.P.
Chaliha, a professional tea taster.
Rajib Barooah, a tea planter in Jorhat, Assam's main tea growing district,
agreed that the potent taste of Assam tea has weakened.
"We are indeed concerned," he said. "Assam tea's strong flavor is its
hallmark."
Tea growers want the Indian government to fund studies to examine the flavor
fallout from climate change.
Assam produces nearly 55 percent of the tea crop in India, a nation that
accounts for 31 percent of global tea production. But the region's tea
production has dipped significantly, and plantation owners fear it will drop
further as temperatures rise and rainfall patterns change.
Assam produced 564,000 tons of tea in 2007, but slipped to 487,000 tons in
2009. The 2010 crop is estimated to be about 460,000 tons, said Dhiraj
Kakaty, who heads the Assam Branch Indian Tea Association, an umbrella group
of some 400 tea plantations.
The drop in production has squeezed consumers. Prices have gone up about 10
percent over the past year.
Mridul Hazarika, director of the Tea Research Association, one of the world's
largest tea research centers, blames climate change for Assam's shortfall. He
said the region's temperatures have risen 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees
Fahrenheit) over the last eight decades.
Scientists at the Tea Research Association are analyzing temperature
statistics to determine links between temperature rise, consequent
fluctuations in rainfall and their effect on tea yields.
"Days with sunshine were far fewer during the (monsoon) rains this year,"
Kakaty said, "leading to a shortfall in production and damp weather
unfavorable for tea."
Dampness also aggravates bug attacks on the tea crop. Kakaty said a pest
called the tea mosquito bug thrives in such weather and attacks fresh shoots
of the tea bush. Restrictions on pesticide use because of environmental
concerns have added to planters' woes.
The tea industry employs about 3 million people across India. Most live just
a few steps above the poverty line.
They are not the only farmers in India suffering because of the weather.
Warmer temperatures have cut sharply into wheat farmers' yield in northern
India — their crops are maturing too quickly.
Nor are tea growers alone in their concern about how the climate is changing
the taste of their product. French vintners, for instance, have seen the
taste and alcohol content change for some wines, and are worried they could
see more competition as climate change makes areas of northern Europe
friendlier to wine-growing.
The U.N. science network foresees temperatures rising up to 6.4 degrees
Celsius (11.5 degrees F) by 2100. NASA reported earlier this month that the
January-November 2010 period was the warmest globally in the 131-year record.
U.N. experts say countries' current voluntary pledges on emissions cuts will
not suffice to keep the temperature rise in check.
India has proposed a system for sharing technologies between rich and poor
countries designed to free up funding and technologies for poor nations that
need help coping with a warmer world. These projects include building
barriers against rising seas, shifting crops threatened by drought, building
water supply and irrigation systems, and improving health care to deal with
diseases.
Industrial countries have pledged $30 billion in emergency funds through 2012
to help poor countries prepare for climate change, and promised to raise $100
billion a year starting in 2020. Developing countries say at least half of
those funds should go to adaptation measures, and the other half toward
helping their economies shift to low-carbon growth.
The United States has long refused to join the rest of the industrialized
world in the Kyoto Protocol, the 1997 adjunct to the climate treaty that
mandated modest emissions reductions by richer nations. The U.S. has said it
would hurt their economy and exempt emerging economies such as China and
India.
資料來源：
http://goo.gl/vn4TJ
overheat 的葡萄汁的確很難喝....
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