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看板Warfare
標題Re: [訃聞] 史上第三王牌飛行員京特.拉爾逝世
時間Wed Oct 14 22:16:15 2009
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※ 引述《Nilo (Lolita)》之銘言:
: 標題: Re: [訃聞] 史上第三王牌飛行員京特.拉爾逝世
: 時間: Wed Oct 14 20:18:55 2009
:
: ※ 引述《qilai (合眾國的榮華也快完了)》之銘言:
: : ※ [本文轉錄自 IA 看板]
: : 作者: qilai (合眾國的榮華也快完了) 看板: IA
: : 標題: [訃聞] 史上第三王牌飛行員京特.拉爾逝世
: : 時間: Tue Oct 13 07:57:13 2009
: : 標題:Generalleutnant Günther Rall
: : 新聞來源:
: : http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/military-obituaries/air-force-obituaries/6299837/Generalleutnant-Gnther-Rall.html (須有正確連結)
:
:
: : In the spring of 1941 Rall was a squadron commander in Jagdgeschwader
: : (fighter wing) JG-52 flying the Messerschmitt Bf 109 based in Romania. By
: : this time Germany and the Soviet Union were at war and Soviet bombers were
: : attacking the crucial oil refineries. In five days Rall and his men destroyed
: : some 50 Soviet bombers and were next sent to the southern sector of the
: : Eastern Front where Rall's victories mounted rapidly against the inferior
: : Soviet fighters and bombers.
:
: 1941年春季,拉爾還是一名德國Jagdgeschwader戰鬥機小隊的一名指揮官,他在羅馬尼
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
應為戰鬥機聯隊中隊長
:
: 服役。(大略翻一下,有夠難翻的)。此時,德國與蘇聯正處於交戰中,蘇聯的轟炸機正在
:
: 攻擊德國重要的石油精煉廠。拉爾和同袍在五天裡,擊毀約50架蘇聯轟炸機,之後還被調
:
: 往東線戰場的南方。在那兒,拉爾擊毀越來越多蘇聯戰鬥機及轟炸機,數量快速上升。
:
:
: : In April 1943 Rall was promoted to command III/JG-52. He was constantly in
: : action for the next 11 months. On August 29 he recorded his 200th victory on
: : his 555th operational flight and on September 12 he was again summoned to
: : Berlin when Hitler awarded him the Swords to his Knight's Cross, the 34th man
: : to be so honoured. Rall returned to operations and in October accounted for
: : another 40 aircraft – more than many of Germany's best pilots achieved
: : throughout the entire war.
:
: 1943年四月,拉爾被擢升為III/JG-52戰鬥機群的指揮官。他在接下來11個月不斷受命
^^
III/JG-52=52戰鬥機聯隊三大隊,故此指Rall成為大隊長。
:
: 出勤。八月29號,他在第555次出勤時,打落地兩百架飛機。九月12日,他被召回柏林,
:
: 接受希特勒頒獎,讓他的十字勳章鑲上兩把劍。他是第34個獲得此殊遇之人。他於十月回
:
: 役,駕駛他的第40架戰鬥機,這數量比二戰中任何一位最優秀的德國飛行員還要多。
:
: : As the war progressed, the obsolete Soviet fighters were steadily replaced by
: : others with far superior performance. Nevertheless, the great majority of
: : Rall's successes were in fighter-to-fighter combat. During his time on the
: : Eastern Front, Rall came up against many excellent Soviet pilots and was
: : himself shot down seven times. Finally, in April 1944, he returned to
: : Germany.
:
: 隨著戰爭進展,表現更好的蘇聯飛行員,以穩定的更換速率,取代了表現不佳
:
: 的蘇聯飛行員。然而,拉爾打下的飛機,都是在戰鬥機空戰中被拉爾擊落的。他在東線戰
:
: 場時,拉爾起身對抗許多優秀的蘇聯飛行員,自己也被擊中許多次。1944年4月,他終於
:
: 返回德國了。
:
:
:
: : In 1939 Rall trained as a fighter pilot on a base east of Berlin and was
: : transferred to JG-52. Flying a Messerschmitt Bf 109, he saw his first air
: : combat in May 1940 during the Battle of France. On May 18 he shot down a
: : French Air Force Curtis Hawk fighter flown by a Czech sergeant who escaped by
: : parachute. With the fall of France, Rall's unit moved to Calais.
:
: 1939年,拉爾在東柏林的基地接受訓練,成了一位戰鬥機飛行員,並被調往JG-52
:
: 部隊,駕駛戰鬥機。1940年於法國,首次面臨空戰。5月8號,拉爾擊落了一架法國空軍戰
:
: 鬥機。這架戰鬥機的駕駛員由一位捷克士官駕駛,他被擊中後藉著降落傘逃離戰場。靠這
:
Curtis Hawk應為法國在戰前向美國購買之鷹75戰鬥機(美軍P-36外銷型)。
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-36
: 這場戰鬥,拉爾的單位被調到了法國卡萊爾。
:
: : He flew throughout the Battle of Britain, when his unit was assigned to
: : escort Junkers Ju-87 Stukas (dive bombers), very slow-flying aircraft. The
: : fighters had to stick with them, giving up all of their superiority and
: : speed; the unit suffered heavy losses against the Spitfires and Hurricanes,
: : losing the group commander, the adjutant and all three squadron commanders in
: : a few weeks. Rall soon found himself rapidly promoted to squadron leader
: : before the unit was finally withdrawn in September to rebuild and train new
: : pilots.
:
: 拉爾曾在他的單位護送俯衝轟炸機(一種飛得極慢的飛機)時,飛過整個英國戰場。
:
: 戰鬥機飛行員必須緊緊跟著轟炸機,放棄戰鬥機的優勢還有速度。暴風雨以及噴火式戰
^^^^^^
應翻為颶風式戰鬥機,暴風雨是英軍大戰晚期的另一型機種,如果1940年BOB時RAF就有
Tempest德國空軍就冏了...
颶風:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawker_Hurricane
暴風雨:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawker_Tempest
: 鬥機讓該單位損失慘重。幾個禮拜下來,指揮官、副官、還有另外3位小隊長接連喪生。
:
: 9月份,該單位被調離戰場,接受重整工作、訓練新的飛行員。在此之前,拉爾很快就被
:
: 擢升為小隊長,
:
:
: : Rall was critical of the tactics used which made his valuable and capable
: : aircraft vulnerable to attack by fighters. He always spoke very highly of the
: : RAF. During a postwar interview he said: "In my experience, the RAF pilot was
: : the most aggressive and capable fighter pilot during the Second World War."
: : Once the squadron had been brought up to strength, it was transferred to
: : Romania to defend the oil refineries and bridges over the Danube during the
: : spring of 1941. After providing support for the German airborne assault on
: : Crete, Rall's unit hurried back to Romania following the outbreak of war with
: : the Soviet Union.
:
: 拉爾非常討厭這種戰術,因為這種戰術讓他價值甚高,效能極佳的戰鬥機容易遭受對
:
: 方攻擊。他稱讚英國空軍戰鬥員。拉爾在戰後訪談時說到:「在我的經驗裡,二次大戰中
:
: ,英國戰鬥機的駕駛員侵略性最強,而且駕駛員也很有能力。」
扯個題外話,Rall先生的看法或許跟某些長期駐防西線的戰友略有不同。以JG-26的飛行員
為例,他們就認為RAF的戰術相當呆板,反而認為USAAF飛行員的素質跟空戰時的積極性才
令人生畏...
:
: 拉爾的單位重建完成時,該單位於1941年春天就被派遣至羅馬尼亞,負責保護石油精煉
:
: 廠,還有多瑙河上的橋樑。該單位也提供空中支援,攻擊希臘克列特島。後來,德蘇戰爭
:
: 爆發,該單位又火速返回羅馬尼亞。
:
: : After returning from the Eastern Front, Rall was made Gruppenkommadeur of
: : II/JG-11, flying Bf 109s on homeland defence duties, primarily against the
: : high-flying daylight bomber forces and their escorting fighters of the USAAF
: : 8th Air Force. On May 12 1944 he attacked a large formation and shot down two
: : USAAF P-47 Thunderbolts, but was then himself shot down. He was severely
: : wounded in the hand but managed to bail out over Frankfurt. His wound became
: : badly infected and he remained in hospital for six months.
:
: 拉爾返回東線戰場前線,被指派為Gruppenkommadeur(不知道什麼意思,該死),負責
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
德國的大隊長,即英文的Group Comder
:
: 保衛國土安全,對抗白天的高空轟炸機,以及轟炸機的護送機群。1944年5月12日,拉爾
:
: 攻擊一組龐大的機群,擊毀兩架霹靂火戰鬥機,但自己也被射了下來。他手部受重傷,但
: ^^^^^^^^^^^^
台灣一般翻作P-47雷霆式戰鬥機,早年亦有翻作霹靂式者。
: 仍設法越過法蘭克福。他的傷口受到嚴重感染,在醫院待了六個月。
:
:
: : Because he was deemed too precious for the morale of the people, and could
: : not fire his guns because of a missing thumb, he was kept from combat. Rall
: : became an instructor, and studied several American planes that had fallen
: : into the possession of the Luftwaffe to find their strengths and weaknesses
: : and to develop better tactics to teach his students. He flew the P-51 and was
: : amazed at the luxury and quality of the American planes. He once explained
: : that being unable to fly in combat probably saved his life at a time when
: : Germany was totally outnumbered and the chances of staying alive were
: : drastically reduced. But he returned to active duty in November.
:
: 長官認為拉爾對於提振人民的士氣非常重要,而且拉爾也不能開槍-因為他少了一隻
:
: 大拇指,拉爾因此被調離戰場。他成了一名講師,研究了許多美國空軍的飛機(這些飛機
:
: 為德國空軍所獲),找出它們的優點與缺點,並發展出更好的戰略方式,教導他的學員。
:
: 他曾試飛過美國P-51戰機,對於美國飛機的豪華程度與品質感到震驚。他曾接說過,要不
:
: 是他手指斷掉不能飛行,在盟軍飛機數量遠多於德國非機數量時,參加空戰,他搞不好很
:
: 難在戰場上活著。然而,他在11月時,仍返回部隊服務。
:
:
: : Rall's last command was as the leader of JG-300 and on arrival at the unit's
: : airfield he was forced to dive into a ditch as USAAF fighters strafed the
: : line up of Bf 109s – 15 were left burning. The Luftwaffe was in retreat and
: : he flew his final operations from Salzburg. During this time he flew the
: : Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter but never in combat. He and his
: : inexperienced pilots flew whenever Rall could commandeer fuel. There was no
: : organised air defence system, intelligence on Allied movements was negligible
: : and Rall led his pilots against targets of opportunity.
:
: 拉爾最後指揮著JG-300戰鬥機群。他曾在該單位的空戰場中,被迫潛進壕溝內,以躲避
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
應為Rall抵達JG-300聯隊履新時,正好遇到美國陸軍航空隊戰鬥機掃射機場,迫使他跳進
壕溝裡避難。
:
: 敵方戰鬥員掃射我方的戰鬥機。這場戰鬥中,15架飛機燃燒損毀。當德國空軍開始撤退時
:
: ,他駕駛飛機,從薩爾斯堡起飛,這是他最後一次執行他的任務。這段時間,他駕駛著
:
: Messerschmitt Me 262噴射戰鬥機,但從未加入戰鬥。只要拉爾可以要到燃料,他和他生
:
: 澀的同袍就會飛下去。空軍防禦系統那時雜亂無章,部隊聯合行動的情報幾乎可
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
應指情報系統對於盟軍動態近乎一無所知...
: 見。而拉爾,就冒著被擊中的風險,領著他的同袍執行任務。
:
: : He flew his 621st and final mission at the end of April. Towards the very
: : last days of the war he asked the men in his command to try to stay alive
: : rather than get involved in senseless actions. He felt it was his
: : responsibility as a leader to try to save the few lives that he could as the
: : war was virtually over and its outcome could not be reversed. A few days
: : later he was captured by the Americans.
:
: 四月底,他的任務終於結束了。在戰爭最後幾天,他以命令方式,要求自己的下屬,
:
: 保護好自己性命,不要介入沒有意義的戰鬥中。他認為這是他身為領導者的責任,儘可能
:
: 在戰爭幾乎結束、不可逆轉之時,保護幾條生命。幾天後,他被美軍俘虜了。
:
: : Rall flew against all the major Allied fighters and had a high regard for the
: : Spitfire and the Russian Lavochkin 7, which appeared on the scene as he was
: : leaving the Eastern Front, but he always considered the USAAF's P-51 Mustang
: : to be supreme.
:
: 拉爾跟所有的聯盟戰鬥機飛行員戰鬥過,對於霹靂火戰機及俄國的Lavochkin 7抱持很
^^^^^^^^^^
這次是噴火被搞錯了...
:
: 高的評價。那些戰鬥機在他離開東線戰場前線時,仍出現在他眼前。即便如此,他認為
:
: 自己國的戰鬥機,仍是最好的。
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
這段應為Rall認為美軍的P-51野馬是最優秀的...
:
: : By any standard, Rall's achievements during the Second World War were
: : outstanding and attracted great admiration from his former adversaries. An
: : American aviation historian of the Smithsonian Institute commented: "He
: : occupies a special niche among the celebrated military pilots of the
: : twentieth century."
:
:
: : Returning to post-war Germany, Rall was unable to find work. He started a
: : small wood cutting business in the forest and eventually joined Siemens as a
: : representative, leaving in 1953. After meeting a wartime friend and Luftwaffe
: : pilot he joined the new Luftwaffe der Bundeswehr after the re-militarisation
: : of West Germany in 1955. He converted to jet fighters before becoming the
: : project officer for the introduction of the Lockheed F-104 Starfighter, which
: : became the German air force's main operational fighter until 1980. Among many
: : modifications he insisted upon, which led to the F-104G version, was the
: : replacement of the American ejection seat with the British Martin Baker seat.
:
: 拉爾回到戰後的德國後,找不到工作。他開始在森林裡面,經營小型的伐木廠,此後
:
: 又成為了西門子的代表,於1953年離開這家伐木廠。他與戰友會面,也拜訪了德國空軍的
:
: 飛行員。西德於1955年又因動員開始重建軍隊,拉爾此時就加入了空軍。他此時改駕駛噴
:
: 射式戰鬥機。後來,他成為一名軍官,引進Lockheed F-104 Starfighter戰鬥機,這種
:
: 戰鬥機在1980年之前,都是德國空軍的主力。他在許多改善空軍的政策中,堅持更換美國
:
: 的彈射座椅,改用英國的馬丁貝克(British Martin Baker seat)座椅。
由於西德空軍F-104G的任務之一為低空高速滲透,這與美軍原始設計的高空攔截有所不同
,再加上F-104引進德國之初的系統可靠性等問題,導致德軍F-104在服役初期有著極為恐
怖的事故發生率。而洛克希德原裝的C-2彈射椅在低空時的逃生成功率較低,以致從1966
年底Johannes Steinhoff接任西德空軍總監,並停飛F-104機隊以進行飛安改善計畫時,西
德空軍選用Martin-Baker的Mk. GQ-7(A)彈射椅。該型彈射椅經過部分修改以配合F-104G原
有的C-2彈射椅滑軌規格,而Mk.7系列彈射椅由於座椅下方裝設了一組火箭系統,所以較能
提升低空低速狀態下的彈射成功率,換裝Mk. GQ-7(A) 之後的德軍F-104也確實提升了飛行
員的事故生還率。
:
: : Rall became the Chief of Staff of Nato's 4th Allied Tactical Air Force and
: : after serving as the Inspector General of the Luftwaffe he was appointed the
: : Chief of Air Staff, a post he held for three years. For two years he was the
: : German military representative at Nato headquarters before retiring in 1975.
: : In retirement Rall established firm friendships with his former British and
: : American adversaries and made many visits to each country. A greatly
: : respected, charming and modest man, he was in regular demand as a lecturer
: : and attended many functions to sign books and aviation art. He was still
: : fulfilling engagements until shortly before his death on October 4.
:
: 拉爾成為第四屆北約聯合戰略空軍的主席。他在空軍擔任測量官之後,被任命為空軍
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
應為北約第4盟軍戰術航空軍參謀長
第4盟軍戰術航空軍成立於1953年,隸屬北約之中歐盟軍空軍司令部管轄,4ATAF總部位於
西德的Ramstein空軍基地,冷戰時期下轄加拿大空軍第1航空大隊、西德空軍第1與第2航空
師,以及美國空軍第3與第17航空軍。
:
: 委員會的主席,他擔任此職位三年。1975年退伍前,他的職位是德國於北約總部軍事代表
:
: 。退伍後,拉爾拜訪許多與他打過仗的英國及美國飛行員,與他們建立深厚的友誼。拉爾
:
: 是一位值得崇敬、有魅力、溫和的男人。他時常應邀出席演講,參與許多集會簽書、探討
:
: 飛行駕駛藝術。他在10月4號死前,才剛與會完。
:
: : In 2004 he wrote his memoir, Mein Flugbuch (My Flightbook). He was an
: : honorary fellow of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots.
:
: 2004年,拉爾撰寫了回憶錄,書名:我的飛行手札。他身為飛行員的前鋒,在這個圈子
:
: 裡,是值得尊敬的一位人物。
:
: : Gunther Rall's wife, Hertha, died in 1985. He is survived by their two
: : daughters.
:
: 拉爾的老婆Hertah,死於1985年。拉爾死後留下兩名女兒。
:
:
: (不負責任翻譯結束XDDDDD)
:
最後補充一點第三名Ace Rall和世界頭號Ace Hartmann的逸事:
其實1959年西德政府決定採購F-104之後,Rall就被指派為與洛克希德協調,修改F-104性
能規格以符合西德空軍作戰需求的聯絡工作,而Rall也因此成為西德空軍第一位放單飛的
F-104G飛行員。當然,說到西德空軍引進F-104G,就不能提及當時幾乎是隻身反對這個採
購計畫的Erich Hartmann。雖然Hartmann認為戰後新生的西德空軍飛行員尚未累積操作超
音速戰機經驗,故反對貿然引進倍音速的F-104G而與Rall等人意見相左,但Rall還是跟H-
artmann維持著相當的情誼,而1968年德國空軍內部不滿Hartmann的人想要阻止他晉升上
校時,也是Rall的力保讓Hartmann最後還是獲得晉升。
總之,願Rall與Hartman的袍澤之情在英靈殿上永遠不滅!!!!!!
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: ◆ From: 114.43.12.87
: ※ 編輯: Nilo 來自: 114.43.12.87 (10/14 20:41)
: 推 allergy:RAF是英國皇家空軍 10/14 20:27
: ※ 編輯: Nilo 來自: 114.43.12.87 (10/14 20:51)
: ※ 編輯: Nilo 來自: 114.43.12.87 (10/14 21:23)
: 推 syucha:推翻譯!!!辛苦了 10/14 21:19
: ※ 編輯: Nilo 來自: 114.43.12.87 (10/14 21:26)
: ※ 編輯: Nilo 來自: 114.43.12.87 (10/14 21:28)
: 推 firefeather:辛苦了等你的翻譯!~ 10/14 21:28
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◆ From: 140.112.4.234
※ 編輯: SIG552 來自: 140.112.4.234 (10/14 22:18)
※ 編輯: SIG552 來自: 140.112.4.234 (10/14 22:22)
推 Nilo:就留著吧,謝謝你 10/14 22:34
推 efleet0714:我也覺得英國空軍的戰術較1943年中以後的美軍遜色 10/14 22:36
推 defenser:英國好像還有一個颱風式,四門砲管看起來很殺... 10/14 22:52
→ SIG552:感謝一樓,也再次為您的翻譯致謝... 10/14 23:20
※ 編輯: SIG552 來自: 59.115.117.45 (10/15 01:03)