CH 5
laterites 紅土
till 冰河丘
outwash 冰水沉積
varve 紋泥
trough cross-stratification p.131 F.5-1B
Walter's law p.135
delta - delta plain; delta front; prodelta p.134
river-dominated delta
--p.135
alluvial fans
--Temporary stearms carry sediment down valleys incised into the naked rocks
of nearby highlands to form low cone-shape structure called alluvial fans.
braided streams 辮狀河
--a river follows a complex network of interconnect channels
meandering rivers 曲流
backswamp 後沼沉積
--p.133
天然河堤與洪泛平原之間
barrier islands
--composed largely of clean sand that has been piled up by wave
lagoon
--灣口被沙洲堵塞而成的淺水
fringing reef 暗礁 群礁
--直接和陸地相連的珊瑚礁
barrier reef 堡礁
--珊瑚礁和陸地間為潟湖
atoll
--珊瑚礁為環狀 且中間為一個潟湖
stromatolites 疊層構造
cyanobacteria 藍綠菌
turbidite 濁流岩
turbidity current
--a flow of dense, sediment-charged water movingdown a slope inder the
influence of gravity
1.What kinds of nonmarine swdimentary deposits reflect arid environment
conditions?
evaporites
2.What kinds of nonmarine swdimentary deposits reflect cold environment
conditions?
moraine, glacial till
3.What kinds of deposits indicate the presence of rugged terrain in the
vicinity of a nonmarine depositional basin?
alluvial fans
4.In what nonmarine settings do gravelly sediments often accumulate?
alluvial fans
5.Contrast the patterns of occurrence of sediments and sedimentary structures
in the following three kinds of depositional cycles: the kind produced by
meandering rivers, the kind produced by deltas, and the kind produced by
turbuduty currents.
p.122-123
6.Draw a profile of a barrier island-lagoon complex, and label the various
depositional environments.
p.138-139
7.What features typify sediments that accumulate inthe center of lake?
varve
8.How do stromatolites form?
formed by cyanobacteria
9.Describe the kind of rock found in a typical organic reef.
limestone
10.Where is a lagoon in relation to a barrier reef? Where is it in relation
to a atoll?
barrier reef : reef-lagoon-land-lagoon-reef
atoll : reef-lagoon-reef
11.Which features of carbonate rocks suggest intertidal or supertidal
deposition? Which features suggest subtidal deposition?
stromatolites
oolite
12.What types of sediments and sedimentary structures usually reflect
deposition in a deep-sea setting?
p.145
13.What are the important depositional environments of the basic kinds
of sediment [such as mud, well-sorted sand, gravel , evaporites, and
various kinds of limestone] and of particular sedementary structure
[such as cross-bedding, graded beds, mudcracks, and ripples]? How are
the kinds of sediment and sedimentary structures found within each
environment related to processes operating within it? Use the Visual
Overview on the page 122 for reference.
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