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※ 引述《bryan648 (念著倒才蛋笨)》之銘言：
: ※ 引述《ckstorm (天寒地凍我很鎮定)》之銘言：
: : 1. =Photographic Society of America 美國攝影協會
: : 2. =Poetry Society of America 美國詩社
: : 3. =Public Service Administration 公共事業管理
: : 4. =Public Service Association 公用事業協會
前列腺特定抗原???
(而且應該是prostate-specific antigen)
^^^^^
英文說明
What is the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test?
PSA is a protein produced by the cells of the prostate gland.
The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test measures the level of PSA
in the blood.
A blood sample is drawn and the amount of PSA is measured in a laboratory.
When the prostate gland enlarges, PSA levels in the blood tend to rise.
PSA levels can rise due to cancer or benign (not cancerous) conditions.
Because PSA is produced by the body and can be used to detect disease,
it is sometimes called a biological marker or tumor marker.
As men age, both benign prostate conditions and prostate cancer become
more frequent. The most common benign prostate conditions are prostatitis
(inflammation of the prostate) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
(enlargement of the prostate). There is no evidence that prostatitis or
BPH cause cancer, but it is possible for a man to have one or both of these
conditions and to develop prostate cancer as well.
Although PSA levels alone do not give doctors enough information to distinguish
between benign prostate conditions and cancer, the doctor will take the
result of this test into account in deciding whether to check further for
signs of prostate cancer.
中文說明
PSA是『攝護腺特異性抗原』(Prostatic Specific Antigen)的簡稱，1970年首先在攝護
腺組織中被發現, 1971年一群科學家原想探討精液中是否含有什麼特別的蛋白質卻無意
中在精液中分離出PSA, 沒想到當初無心插柳, 卻對攝護腺癌診斷及治療發生了革命性的
影響.
由於PSA特殊的專一性及客觀性, 1979年起被全世界廣泛應用於臨床攝護腺癌的篩檢.
早期攝護腺癌的發現率大為提高, 患者也得早期治療而獲得良好的成效。1991年,
自由型PSA被發現, 而利用自由型PSA佔全部PSA的百分比可以更準確的區別良性攝護腺
肥大及攝護腺癌.
PSA是攝護腺特有的一種醣蛋白，它祗能由攝護腺上皮組織製造，主要功能在使精液
液化, 它以兩種形式存在於血清中，即自由型及複合型PSA. 複合型PSA主要由肝臟
代謝, 半衰期約2-3天, 因此根除性攝護腺切除後, 需經數週後PSA值才可能降到理想的
範圍。自由型PSA的半衰期約袛有2-3小時, 由於其分子較小, 因此可經由腎臟排出體外.
PSA值受男性荷爾蒙的影響很大, 因此大都數男性在青春期後才可由血清偵測到PSA. 而
隨著年齡的增加，PSA值亦會隨之上升，正常男性40~50歲PSA值介於0~2.5 ng/ml，
50~60歲介於0~3.5 ng/ml ，60~70歲介於0~4.5 ng/ml， 70~80歲介於0~6.5 ng/ml，
由於攝護腺的大小隨年齡的增加而增大, 而攝護腺愈大PSA值就愈高,因此會有這種差異
存在. 不同的人種, PSA的臨介值也有不同的標準. 例如黑人罹患攝護腺癌的機會較
白人為高,因此其PSA的標準值也較白人為低. 當指數超出正常值時，便要懷疑是否有罹
患攝護腺癌.
^^請愛用google^^
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