這篇文章本來是跟別人的通信的一部份.
因為內容很有趣 (起因於一篇很不錯的研究報告), 所以貼在這裡:
跟心理學有點關, 也跟交通有點關.
文章是用英文寫的--對方習慣用英文, 所以用英文.
我一向主張科學本土化(用台文或中文), 不過實在沒空翻譯, 這是要特別說明的.
Following is what I just read from Nature (401: 35).
The work was based on computer simulation:
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| Why cars in the next lane seem to go faster? |
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This might be an illusion. Since more time is generally spent
being overtaken by other vehicles than is spent in overtaking
them.
The authors merely reported the principles used in programming
and the results they obtained. Hence I try to reason the event
in the normal language as follows:
Vehicles on a lane have different speeds and the vehicles
keep a minimum headway distance to avoid accidents.
The minimum headway distance of a veicle is reasonably
longer if the vehicle moves faster, and vice versa.
Therefore, the speed of the cars determines to some extent
the density of the cars. Exempli gratia,
This is "four fast-moving cars in a tandem".
* * * * --->
And this is "four slow-moving cars in a tandem".
* * * * -->
A tandem can be visualized as "one complex vehicle".
So we have fast-moving complex vehicles and slow-moving
complex vehicles in the next lane.
Now if the relationship between the speed and the length of
a complex vehicle (or, equally, the minimum headway distance)
is linear, then the time spent being overtaken is the same as is
spent overtaking. But we might hypothesize that this is not the
case in real world. When we move faster, we tend to be much
more careful, so the minimum headway distance would be less
explained by the linear relationship.
The result (of simulation) is that, a driver travelling for 10 minutes
on a roadway with congestion of about 100 vehicles per kilometre
would spend 47 seconds being overtaken by vehicles in the other
lane and about 35 seconds overtaking vehicles in the other lane.
--
「你在挖鼻孔嗎？你可以再挖深一點，……
呵！第一次發現自己有鼻屎，自己都嚇了一跳……」
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