作者nestealee (昂~~出去玩ㄇㄟ)
看板Chemistry
標題The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2007
時間Wed Oct 10 21:23:01 2007
得主:Gerhard Ertl (Germany)
"for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces"
Modern surface chemistry – fuel cells, artificial fertilizers and clean
exhaust
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2007 is awarded for groundbreaking studies
in surface chemistry. This science is important for the chemical industry and
can help us to understand such varied processes as why iron rusts, how fuel
cells function and how the catalysts in our cars work. Chemical reactions on
catalytic surfaces play a vital role in many industrial operations, such as
the production of artificial fertilizers. Surface chemistry can even explain
the destruction of the ozone layer, as vital steps in the reaction actually
take place on the surfaces of small crystals of ice in the stratosphere. The
semiconductor industry is yet another area that depends on knowledge of
surface chemistry.
It was thanks to processes developed in the semiconductor industry that the
modern science of surface chemistry began to emerge in the 1960s. Gerhard
Ertl was one of the first to see the potential of these new techniques. Step
by step he has created a methodology for surface chemistry by demonstrating
how different experimental procedures can be used to provide a complete
picture of a surface reaction. This science requires advanced high-vacuum
experimental equipment as the aim is to observe how individual layers of
atoms and molecules behave on the extremely pure surface of a metal, for
instance. It must therefore be possible to determine exactly which element is
admitted to the system. Contamination could jeopardize all the measurements.
Acquiring a complete picture of the reaction requires great precision and a
combination of many different experimental techniques.
Gerhard Ertl has founded an experimental school of thought by showing how
reliable results can be attained in this difficult area of research. His
insights have provided the scientific basis of modern surface chemistry: his
method-ology is used in both academic research and the indust-rial
development of chemical processes. The approach developed by Ertl is based
not least on his studies of the Haber-Bosch process, in which nitrogen is
extracted from the air for inclusion in artificial fertilizers. This
reaction, which functions using an iron surface as its catalyst, has enormous
economic significance because the availability of nitrogen for growing plants
is often restricted. Ertl has also studied the oxidation of carbon monoxide
on platinum, a reaction that takes place in the catalyst of cars to clean
exhaust emissions.
及其背景:http://tinyurl.com/2g6gwp
--
※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc)
◆ From: 140.109.113.120
→ nestealee:這屆是有關於表面化學 10/11 18:06