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標 題: 聖經與摩門經「登山寶訓」之比較
時 間: Thu Jan 9 11:12:59 1997
標題: 聖經與摩門經「登山寶訓」之比較
時間: Fri Jan 3 10:27:23 1997
以下的經文比較是針對摩門經的「尼腓三書十二到十四章」與「聖經馬太
福音五到七章」的比較。對聖經而言，這一段記載是有名的「登山寶訓」，被
稱為是耶穌的「天國大憲章」。而根據摩門經的說法，耶穌復活後到北美洲，
對當時的人講了一段話，也正好是「登山寶訓」的內容。因此我就這兩段文字
加以比較。
基本背景：
馬太福音是寫給猶太人的一本福音書，用希臘文寫成，但用了許多猶太人
的背景與文字。成書時間大約在西元50-70年之間。
摩門經原文據稱是現代人所無法瞭解的語文，透過約翰使密斯用烏陵和土
明直接翻譯成英文。沒有參考任何資料，而且章節是在金葉子上即已分好。此
書於1827年成書。此次所分析的尼腓三書十二到十四章，經旁特別註明是西元
三十四年發生的事。
KJV，一本英文世界有名的譯本，新約部份是根據早期的「公認經文（希
臘文抄本）」翻譯而成，於西元1611年翻譯而成。後成為英文世界非常通行的
譯本。
雖然聖經曾經幾次被嘗試分段，而今日的分章是在西元1227年左右由蘭頓
大主教區分的，而分節較早，大約是在西元後九百年左右。這些統一的分章分
節應該不是什麼權威，因為分節有些「一個字」就成為一節，分章也有時並非
切割在思路的段落上。
研究心得：
經過經文比對，發現摩門經基本上和KJV聖經的內容基本上是一樣的，在「登山
寶訓」最有名的「八福」（第五章）一段和KJV版本英文聖經的主要差異是在一些語
助詞、連接詞上的差異，另外每一段論述的前言和結語都略有不同。而尼腓三書十
三、十四章與KJV的六、七兩章幾乎一字不差，除了某些開始和結語的部份略有不同
之外，其他的完全一致。至於分章分節，也幾乎是一致的，其中雖然有幾節似乎經過
重新編排，但大體上和KJV 是完全一致的。詳細的比較請參考後面的「經文比較」。
比較有趣的是幾個我用「????」標示出來的地方，一個地方是五（十二）章22
節，另一個地方是六（十三）章24節。這兩段聖經有三個很特別的名詞：「拉加」
、「魔利」、「瑪門」。其中「拉加」可能是亞蘭語（當時猶太人日常的語言），
意思是「空洞」，這是當時猶太人常用的輕蔑語。而「魔利」就是希臘文，是愚蠢
的意思。「瑪門」，也是亞蘭語，指「財神爺」。馬太不用一般的希臘文來記載「
拉加」和「瑪門」，顯然是因為讀者都懂，而且馬太希望讀者能更深入的瞭解耶穌
的演講。
好！然後我們可以看到KJV直接音譯「拉加」和「瑪門」，而把「魔利」翻譯成
「fool」。我們可以瞭解為什麼KJV 要這樣翻譯，因為他是模仿馬太用兩個外國文
字來表達耶穌的意思，所以音譯這兩個亞蘭文，而翻譯那個希臘文。ㄟ！居然摩門
經也是一字不漏的這樣翻譯。這....？不是太奇怪了嗎？難道耶穌居然向那些用不
同語文的人也說起亞蘭文？然後翻譯成英文的時候約翰使密斯也居然音譯成和KJV
一樣的文字？
太 5: 22 只是我告訴你們：凡（有古卷在凡字下加：無緣無故地）向弟兄動怒
的，難免受審斷；凡罵弟兄是拉加的，難免公會的審斷；凡罵弟兄是
魔利的，難免地獄的火。
太 6: 24 一個人不能事奉兩個主；不是惡這個，愛那個，就是重這個，輕那個
。你們不能又事奉神，又事奉瑪門（瑪門：財利的意思）。
結論：
讓我們想想，節錄同樣一篇演講的路加（我把路加的節錄附在文章的後面），都
會和馬太有一些「資料取捨差異」了，甚至根據同樣的希臘文翻譯成英文的聖經也會
有一些字詞差異（如果需要我可以提供當代其他版本的英文聖經資料），怎麼耶穌在
復活後的演講，透過記載和約翰使密斯的翻譯，能夠和耶穌復活後二、三十年所節錄
的馬太福音、經過抄寫流傳和分章分節之後「公認經文」抄本以及英文翻譯後的KJV
如此接近？連「音譯」的地方都一樣，並且多處一字不差。
其實，任何譯本不免有所誤差，而「公認經文」更是後來經文鑑別學者檢驗與訂
正的對象，至於分章分節，更是顯然是「人的作為」而非是上帝神聖的工作。有什麼
理由說這些與正典原文略有差異的翻譯或分章分節後的KJV 居然是被神聖上帝啟示驗
證而一字不差的標的經文？這真是讓人匪夷所思。
其實，只要彎下腰去對照一下摩門經和聖經，就知道所謂的「利用烏陵土明翻譯
神聖的金葉片」，不過是對當時流行的KJV 的修改而已。而且還有點懶惰，對於比較
有名的段落改的比較多，對於沒有名氣的段落就「整段照抄」。
另外，我們也很容易瞭解為什麼尼腓三書所記耶穌誕生的時間會與現代的考古資
料與聖經解釋不符。很簡單，因為當時的人就是相信耶穌誕生之後就是「西元元年」
，而摩門經不過是為這個當時流行的觀念背書而已。然而透過現代考古學和聖經路加
福音對照，卻把耶穌真實誕生的時間訂在「西元前四到六年」而非摩門經所說的「西
元前一年」。
其實，如果我們深入研究「登山寶訓」，就知道耶穌是用當時猶太人日常生活中
的事物來教訓猶太人，例如「鹽失了味」、「強逼走路」、「拿裡衣和外衣」、「禱
告」、「禁食」....等等，都有特定的風土背景。硬是移植到美洲的背景，就顯得有
如在摩門經中出現「拉加」和「瑪門」這種突勿的字詞一樣，格格不入。
因此，不論是歷史背景的探討，經文的比對，都讓我個人相信摩門經是抄的遠比
相信摩門經是上帝的啟示簡單多了。有了一本聖經，上帝又何苦弄本矛盾連連的摩門
經出來呢？難道只是為了信徒內心的「大美洲主義」（摩門教一開始是發源在美國）
？
經文比較：
我採用KJV聖經經文為準，在每一行之前加上「**」，然後用「^^」指出
摩門經與KJV聖經不同的地方，並將不同之處標出，用「-->」至於不同處之行
首。例如馬太福音五章3節和尼腓三書十二章3節的差異記錄如下：
** 3. Blessed [are] the poor in spirit: for theirs is the kingdom
^^^ ^^^
--> Yea who come unto me
** of heaven.
意義即是 KJV原文是：
3. Blessed [are] the poor in spirit: for theirs is the kingdom
of heaven.
摩門經原文是：
3. Yea Blessed [are] the poor in spirit:who come unto me for
theirs is the kingdom of heaven.
如果沒有「^^」和「-->」記號，就是整段一字不漏的相同。
﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍ 經文比較 ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
Matthew 5
** 1. And seeing the multitudes, he went up into a mountain: and
** when he was set, his disciples came unto him:
** 2 And he opened his mouth, and taught them, saying,
-->這兩節不同
** 3. Blessed [are] the poor in spirit: for theirs is the kingdom
^^^ ^^^
--> Yea who come unto me
** of heaven.
** 4 Blessed [are] they that mourn: for they shall be comforted.
^^
--> And again
** 5 Blessed [are] the meek: for they shall inherit the earth.
^^
--> And
** 6 Blessed [are] they which do hunger and thirst after
^^ ^^^^^
--> And who
** righteousness: for they shall be filled.
^^^^
--> with the Holy Ghost
** 7 Blessed [are] the merciful: for they shall obtain mercy.
^^
--> And
** 8 Blessed [are] the pure in heart: for they shall see God.
^^ ^^
--> And all
** 9 Blessed [are] the peacemakers: for they shall be called the
^^ ^^
--> And all
** children of God.
** 10 Blessed [are] they which are persecuted for righteousness'
^^ ^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
--> And all my name's
** sake: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.
** 11 Blessed are ye, when [men] shall revile you, and persecute
^^
--> And
** [you], and shall say all manner of evil against you falsely, for
^^^^^
無
** my sake.
** 12 Rejoice, and be exceeding glad: for great [is] your reward
^^^^^^^ ^^^^
-->For ye shall have great joy 無
** in heaven: for so persecuted they the prophets which were before
** you.
** 13. Ye are the salt of the earth: but if the salt have lost his
^^^^^^^ ^^^^
-->Verily, verily, I say unto you, I give unto you to be shall
** savour, wherewith shall it be salted? it is thenceforth good for
^^ ^^^^^
--> 無 The sale shall be
** nothing, but to be cast out, and to be trodden under foot of men.
** 14 Ye are the light of the world. A city that is set on an hill
^^^^^^^
-->Verily, verily, I say unto you, I give unto you to be
** cannot be hid.
** 15 Neither do men light a candle, and put it under a bushel,
^^^^^^^ ^^^^
--> Behold Nay,
** but on a candlestick; and it giveth light unto all that are in
** the house.
** 16 Let your light so shine before men, that they may see your
^^^ ^^^^
--> Therefore this people
** good works, and glorify your Father which is in heaven.
^^^^^^
--> who
** 17. Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the
** prophets: I am not come to destroy, but to fulfil.
** 18 For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
--> 無
** jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^
--> hath not passed away but in me it hath
** be fulfilled.
^^
-->been
** 19 Whosoever therefore shall break one of these least
** commandments, and shall teach men so, he shall be called the
** least in the kingdom of heaven: but whosoever shall do and teach
** [them], the same shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven.
** 20 For I say unto you, That except your righteousness shall
** exceed [the righteousness] of the scribes and Pharisees, ye shall
** in no case enter into the kingdom of heaven.
--> 19,20 different
** 21. Ye have heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou
^^^ ^^^
--> hath and it is also written before you,that
** shalt not kill; and whosoever shall kill shall be in danger of
** the judgment:
^^^
of God
** 22 But I say unto you, That whosoever is angry with his brother
** without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment: and whosoever
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
無
** shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be in danger of the
?????
** council: but whosoever shall say, Thou fool, shall be in danger
^^^
--> and
** of hell fire.
** 23 Therefore if thou bring thy gift to the altar, and there
^^^^ ^^^^^
-->ye shall come unto me, or shall desire to come unto me 無
** rememberest that thy brother hath ought against thee;
** 24 Leave there thy gift before the altar, and go thy way; first
** be reconciled to thy brother, and then come and offer thy gift.
--> 算了算了，這節就算不一樣好了。
** 25 Agree with thine adversary quickly, whiles thou art in the
** way with him; lest at any time the adversary deliver thee to the
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
--> he shall get thee
** judge, and the judge deliver thee to the officer, and thou be
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^
--> shalt
** cast into prison.
** 26 Verily I say unto thee, Thou shalt by no means come out
^^^
--> verily
** thence, till thou hast paid the uttermost farthing.
^^^^^^^^^^
--> senine, 後面外加一段
** 27. Ye have heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^
--> Behold, it is written that
** shalt not commit adultery:
** 28 But I say unto you, That whosoever looketh on a woman to
** lust after her hath committed adultery with her already in his
** heart.
** 29 And if thy right eye offend thee, pluck it out, and cast
** [it] from thee: for it is profitable for thee that one of thy
** members should perish, and not [that] thy whole body should be
** cast into hell.
** 30 And if thy right hand offend thee, cut it off, and cast [it]
** from thee: for it is profitable for thee that one of thy members
** should perish, and not [that] thy whole body should be cast into
** hell.
--> 29、30這兩節不同
** 31 It hath been said, Whosoever shall put away his wife, let
^^^^
--> written,that
** him give her a writing of divorcement:
** 32 But I say unto you, That whosoever shall put away his wife,
^^^^^
-->Verily, verily
** saving for the cause of fornication, causeth her to commit
** adultery: and whosoever shall marry her that is divorced
^^^^^^^^^
--> whoso
** committeth adultery.
** 33. Again, ye have heard that it hath been said by them of old
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
--> And again it is written
** time, Thou shalt not forswear thyself, but shalt perform unto the
^^^^
** Lord thine oaths:
** 34 But I say unto you, Swear not at all; neither by heaven; for
^^
--> verily, verily
** it is God's throne:
** 35 Nor by the earth; for it is his footstool: neither by
^^^^^^^^^^
** Jerusalem; for it is the city of the great King.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
--> 無
** 36 Neither shalt thou swear by thy head, because thou canst not
** make one hair white or black.
** 37 But let your communication be, Yea, yea; Nay, nay: for
** whatsoever is more than these cometh of evil.
** 38. Ye have heard that it hath been said, An eye for an eye, and
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
--> And behold, it is written
** a tooth for a tooth:
** 39 But I say unto you, That ye resist not evil: but whosoever
** shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also.
** 40 And if any man will sue thee at the law, and take away thy
** coat, let him have [thy] cloke also.
** 41 And whosoever shall compel thee to go a mile, go with him
** twain.
** 42 Give to him that asketh thee, and from him that would borrow
** of thee turn not thou away.
** 43. Ye have heard that it hath been said, Thou shalt love thy
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
--> And behold it is written also
** neighbour, and hate thine enemy.
** 44 But I say unto you, Love your enemies, bless them that curse
^^^
--> behold
** you, do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which
** despitefully use you, and persecute you;
** 45 That ye may be the children of your Father which is in
^^^^^^
--> who
** heaven: for he maketh his sun to rise on the evil and on the
** good, and sendeth rain on the just and on the unjust.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
--> 無
** 46 For if ye love them which love you, what reward have ye? do
** not even the publicans the same?
** 47 And if ye salute your brethren only, what do ye more [than
** others]? do not even the publicans so?
** 48 Be ye therefore perfect, even as your Father which is in
** heaven is perfect.
--> 46、47、48三節不同
** Matthew 6
** 1. Take heed that ye do not your alms before men, to be seen of
^^
--> 多一段
** them: otherwise ye have no reward of your Father which is in
** heaven.
** 2 Therefore when thou doest [thine] alms, do not sound a
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
--> ye shall do your
** trumpet before thee, as the hypocrites do in the synagogues and
** in the streets, that they may have glory of men. Verily I say
** unto you, They have their reward.
** 3 But when thou doest alms, let not thy left hand know what thy
** right hand doeth:
** 4 That thine alms may be in secret: and thy Father which seeth
** in secret himself shall reward thee openly.
** 5. And when thou prayest, thou shalt not be as the hypocrites
** [are]: for they love to pray standing in the synagogues and in
** the corners of the streets, that they may be seen of men. Verily
** I say unto you, They have their reward.
** 6 But thou, when thou prayest, enter into thy closet, and when
** thou hast shut thy door, pray to thy Father which is in secret;
** and thy Father which seeth in secret shall reward thee openly.
** 7 But when ye pray, use not vain repetitions, as the heathen
** [do]: for they think that they shall be heard for their much
** speaking.
** 8 Be not ye therefore like unto them: for your Father knoweth
** what things ye have need of, before ye ask him.
** 9. After this manner therefore pray ye: Our Father which art in
** heaven, Hallowed be thy name.
** 10 Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done in earth, as [it is] in
** heaven.
** 11 Give us this day our daily bread.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
--> 無這一段
** 12 And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors.
--> 放在11節
** 13 And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil:
--> 這一段放在12節
** For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever.
** Amen.
--> 這一段放在13節
** 14 For if ye forgive men their trespasses, your heavenly Father
** will also forgive you:
** 15 But if ye forgive not men their trespasses, neither will
** your Father forgive your trespasses.
** 16. Moreover when ye fast, be not, as the hypocrites, of a sad
** countenance: for they disfigure their faces, that they may appear
** unto men to fast. Verily I say unto you, They have their reward.
** 17 But thou, when thou fastest, anoint thine head, and wash thy
** face;
** 18 That thou appear not unto men to fast, but unto thy Father
** which is in secret: and thy Father, which seeth in secret, shall
** reward thee openly.
** 19. Lay not up for yourselves treasures upon earth, where moth
** and rust doth corrupt, and where thieves break through and steal:
** 20 But lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither
** moth nor rust doth corrupt, and where thieves do not break
** through nor steal:
** 21 For where your treasure is, there will your heart be also.
** 22 The light of the body is the eye: if therefore thine eye be
** single, thy whole body shall be full of light.
** 23 But if thine eye be evil, thy whole body shall be full of
** darkness. If therefore the light that is in thee be darkness, how
** great [is] that darkness!
** 24 No man can serve two masters: for either he will hate the
** one, and love the other; or else he will hold to the one, and
** despise the other. Ye cannot serve God and mammon.
??????
** 25. Therefore I say unto you, Take no thought for your life,
^^^
多一段
** what ye shall eat, or what ye shall drink; nor yet for your body,
** what ye shall put on. Is not the life more than meat, and the
** body than raiment?
** 26 Behold the fowls of the air: for they sow not, neither do
** they reap, nor gather into barns; yet your heavenly Father
** feedeth them. Are ye not much better than they?
** 27 Which of you by taking thought can add one cubit unto his
** stature?
** 28 And why take ye thought for raiment? Consider the lilies of
** the field, how they grow; they toil not, neither do they spin:
** 29 And yet I say unto you, That even Solomon in all his glory
** was not arrayed like one of these.
** 30 Wherefore, if God so clothe the grass of the field, which to
** day is, and to morrow is cast into the oven, [shall he] not much
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
--> even so will he clothe
** more [clothe] you, O ye of little faith?
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
--> you,if ye are not
** 31 Therefore take no thought, saying, What shall we eat? or,
** What shall we drink? or, Wherewithal shall we be clothed?
** 32 (For after all these things do the Gentiles seek:) for your
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
--> 無
** heavenly Father knoweth that ye have need of all these things.
** 33 But seek ye first the kingdom of God, and his righteousness;
** and all these things shall be added unto you.
** 34 Take therefore no thought for the morrow: for the morrow
** shall take thought for the things of itself. Sufficient unto the
** day [is] the evil thereof.
**
** Matthew 7
**
** 1. Judge not, that ye be not judged.
^^
-->多一段
** 2 For with what judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged: and with
** what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again.
** 3 And why beholdest thou the mote that is in thy brother's eye,
** but considerest not the beam that is in thine own eye?
** 4 Or how wilt thou say to thy brother, Let me pull out the mote
** out of thine eye; and, behold, a beam [is] in thine own eye?
** 5 Thou hypocrite, first cast out the beam out of thine own eye;
** and then shalt thou see clearly to cast out the mote out of thy
** brother's eye.
** 6 Give not that which is holy unto the dogs, neither cast ye
** your pearls before swine, lest they trample them under their
** feet, and turn again and rend you.
** 7. Ask, and it shall be given you; seek, and ye shall find;
** knock, and it shall be opened unto you:
** 8 For every one that asketh receiveth; and he that seeketh
** findeth; and to him that knocketh it shall be opened.
** 9 Or what man is there of you, whom if his son ask bread, will
** he give him a stone?
** 10 Or if he ask a fish, will he give him a serpent?
** 11 If ye then, being evil, know how to give good gifts unto
** your children, how much more shall your Father which is in heaven
** give good things to them that ask him?
** 12. Therefore all things whatsoever ye would that men should do
** to you, do ye even so to them: for this is the law and the
** prophets.
** 13 Enter ye in at the strait gate: for wide [is] the gate, and
** broad [is] the way, that leadeth to destruction, and many there
** be which go in thereat:
^^^^^
--> who
** 14 Because strait [is] the gate, and narrow [is] the way, which
** leadeth unto life, and few there be that find it.
** 15. Beware of false prophets, which come to you in sheep's
** clothing, but inwardly they are ravening wolves.
** 16 Ye shall know them by their fruits. Do men gather grapes of
** thorns, or figs of thistles?
** 17 Even so every good tree bringeth forth good fruit; but a
** corrupt tree bringeth forth evil fruit.
** 18 A good tree cannot bring forth evil fruit, neither [can] a
** corrupt tree bring forth good fruit.
** 19 Every tree that bringeth not forth good fruit is hewn down,
** and cast into the fire.
** 20 Wherefore by their fruits ye shall know them.
** 21. Not every one that saith unto me, Lord, Lord, shall enter
** into the kingdom of heaven; but he that doeth the will of my
** Father which is in heaven.
** 22 Many will say to me in that day, Lord, Lord, have we not
** prophesied in thy name? and in thy name have cast out devils? and
** in thy name done many wonderful works?
** 23 And then will I profess unto them, I never knew you: depart
** from me, ye that work iniquity.
** 24 Therefore whosoever heareth these sayings of mine, and doeth
^^^^^^^^^
--> whoso
** them, I will liken him unto a wise man, which built his house
** upon a rock:
** 25 And the rain descended, and the floods came, and the winds
** blew, and beat upon that house; and it fell not: for it was
** founded upon a rock.
** 26 And every one that heareth these sayings of mine, and doeth
** them not, shall be likened unto a foolish man, which built his
** house upon the sand:
** 27 And the rain descended, and the floods came, and the winds
** blew, and beat upon that house; and it fell: and great was the
** fall of it.
** 28 And it came to pass, when Jesus had ended these sayings, the
^^ ^^ ^^
--> now 十五章1節 that
** people were astonished at his doctrine:
** 29 For he taught them as [one] having authority, and not as the
** scribes.
--> 28、29節大致上都不同
--
亞基帕王啊，我故此沒有違背那從天上來的異象
--
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