※ [本文轉錄自 R89325xxx 看板]
作者: requiem (mediocrity) 看板: R89325xxx
標題: [公告] 國際法律人委員會對戰爭的要求
時間: Mon Mar 31 19:27:46 2003
三月二十日，「國際法律人委員會」於其網站上以英法西三種語言，
發佈了對伊拉克戰爭的聲明：
「這場非法的戰爭必須以合法的方式進行」
（This Illegal War Must be Conducted Lawfully /
Cette guerre illicite doit etre conduite de facon licite /
Esta guerra ilicita debe ser conducida en conformidad con la ley）
內文如下：
國際法律人委員會譴責，在顯然缺乏安理會授權的情況下非法侵略伊拉克的舉動：
這種行為使得國際法治大為倒退。
The ICJ condemns the illegal invasion of Iraq in the clear absence of
Security Council authority -this constitutes a great leap backward in
the international rule of law
現在，既然軍事行動已經密切展開，各國必須留意不可讓此非法行動衍生出更多
非法行動。（交戰）各方有義務遵守載於1949年日內瓦公約，其他相關國際機構與
國際習慣法裡的人道與人權規定。尤其，伊拉克被非法侵略的事實，並不能讓伊拉克
無須謹慎尊重國際人道法與人權法。
未參與敵對狀態的國家應得到中立規定的保障，也必須尊重之。特別是，這些國家
不可以讓其領土用於軍事目的，也不能被列為攻擊目標。
Now that the military attack has begun in earnest, it is imperative that
States take care not to compound one unlawful action with others. All
parties are obliged to follow the humanitarian and human rights prescriptions
laid in out in the 1949 Geneva Conventions, other relevant international
instruments and international customary law. In particular, the fact that
Iraq has been illegally invaded in no way absolves it from scrupulously
respecting international humanitarian law and human rights law.
States which are not taking a part in the hostilities must benefit from, and
themselves respect, the rules of neutrality. In particular, they may not
allow their territory to be used for military purposes nor may they be made
the object of attack.
交戰國有義務人道地對待受該國武力影響下的所有人員。交戰國不可以攻擊任何投降人員。
衝突狀態的各方必須特別注意區分軍事目標與平民或民間對象。後者不能被當成攻擊
對象。國際法律人委員會強調，所有國家必須謹慎注意對某些武器的禁令或限制使用之。
不可使用極度殘酷與無差別（打擊）的武器，不論該武器是否為任何條約所禁用。
國際法律人委員會尤其關切某些報告所提及的，某些交戰方使用化學戰劑的打算。
對此，各方化學武器公約簽約國都必須嚴格解釋。此外，1925年日內瓦協定和
習慣法絕對禁止使用化學武器。
Belligerents are obliged to treat humanely all persons in their power. They
must not attack any persons surrendering. All parties to the conflict must
take special care to distinguish between military objectives and civilian
persons or objects. The latter may not be made a target of attack. The ICJ
would like to stress that all States must scrupulously observe the rules
prohibiting or limiting the use of certain weapons. No weapon that is
excessively cruel or by nature indiscriminate may be used, even if it is not
the object of a treaty prohibition. The ICJ is particularly concerned about
reports that some parties may be contemplating using chemical agents. For
those States party to the Chemical Weapons Convention, a strict interpretation
is indispensable. In addition, the 1925 Geneva Protocol and customary law
absolutely prohibit the use of chemical weapons.
國際法律人委員會秘書長 Louise Doswald-Beck 提到：「我們希望這些規定不會像
聯合國憲章一樣遭到（交戰）各方漫不經心的對待。」
We hope that these rules will not be the object of the same cavalier treatment
that participating states have applied to the UN Charter" said ICJ Secretary
-General, Louise Doswald-Beck.
國際法律人委員會提醒，絕對禁止犯下戰爭罪或是反人道罪行。這一類的罪行包含
所有參與人員的個人責任，從政治指導員到膳食兵皆不例外。所有國家有義務確保讓
該等罪行的嫌疑人受到起訴。羅馬法上的各方若是沒有起訴這些嫌疑人，必須將之移送
到國際刑事法庭。
The ICJ recalls the absolute prohibition of committing war crimes or crimes
against humanity. Such crimes entail the individual responsibility of all
involved persons, from the political masters to the foot soldier. All States
are obliged to ensure that persons suspected of such crimes are prosecuted.
Parties to the Rome Statute that do not prosecute these persons, must
surrender them to the International Criminal Court.
http://www.icj.org/news.php3?id_article=2774&lang=en
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※ 編輯: requiem 來自: 140.112.156.101 (03/31 19:30)
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