A reflection upon the 228 Incident
By Ma Ying-jeou 馬英九
Thursday, Feb 28, 2002,Page 8
It has been 55 years since the 228 Incident occurred in 1947. Over the past 10 years, the government has apologized for the incident, erected a memorial, built a museum, designated a public holiday, set up a foundation and enacted legislation to compensate the victims and their families and restore their reputations. But every year, when the 228 anniversary comes, family members of victims still feel a pain that just won't go away.
The 228 Incident began in Taipei City but the unrest spread to all of Taiwan. Being the mayor of Taipei City, I have the responsibility to express condolences to the victims of the incident on behalf of all Taipei residents and to extend our regards to their families who lived in the shadow of suffering for many long years.
At the same time, looking toward the future, I am willing to take a look back at this incident, which had such an impact on Taiwan's history, from a different point of view.
The 228 Incident occurred at a time when the public was facing dire circumstances caused by the Chinese Civil War that followed World War II. The government of then governor Chen Yi (陳儀) exercised a policy of repression. Corruption was rampant, leading to social unrest and driving the Taiwanese public from expectation to disappointment and then to anger. The people valiantly rose up against the government.
After the incident, the government was not only unable to reflect on it or practice democracy in accordance with the wishes of the people, but instead sent troops to suppress the resulting uprising and make widespread arrests, leaving a deep scar in the history of Taiwan. We should bear this bloody lesson in mind and not repeat it. We should seek to transform it into a firm belief in democracy and the action to uphold it.
I believe that although democracy provides a basic guarantee for a stable society, the system has to be promoted by people and its success or failure still relies on whether the good aspects of human nature can be brought into full play. Can the 228 Incident give us an opportunity to develop those aspects? I believe so.
Some mainlanders were beaten and injured during the 228 Incident and its aftermath. But a committee established by the Taiwanese elite promptly controlled the situation through broadcasts.
At the beginning of March 1947, the committee released an official Letter to the Nation's Compatriots (告全國同胞書), which said, "The occurrence of the 228 Incident was aimed at cleaning up corruption among public officials and striving for political reforms in Taiwan and not at rejecting the mainland compatriots. We welcome you to participate in the task of reforming Taiwan's politics and help bring Taiwan's politics to a clear state as soon as possible. It is hoped that compatriots from various
provinces who are concerned about the nation can enthusiastically take part and shake hands with us ... The beatings of some mainland compatriots on Feb. 28 resulted from fleeting misunderstandings. We feel greatly distressed by them, for it was also a disaster for our compatriots ..."
This was a solemn statement by Taiwanese representatives. The protection of upright and innocent mainlanders by Taiwanese was common at the grassroots level of society. For example, Yan Chia-kan (嚴家淦), then director of the finance bureau in the Taiwan governor's office, was protected by Lin Hsien-tang (林獻堂) and Luo Wan-chu (羅萬車).
We should always remember that, whether we are dealing with committees or the public, the majority of Taiwanese showed a high degree of care and love for mainlanders. They have been brave and benevolent, asking nothing in return. Some even sacrificed their lives to protect others.
After military suppression began in Taiwan on March 10, The Horrifying Inspection, based on the 228 Incident, was created by Huang Jungtsan (黃榮燦), a block print artist who arrived in Taiwan from China shortly after retrocession. This piece was later published in the Shanghai newspaper Wen Wei Po (文匯報), expressing the anger felt by mainland intellectuals over the government's bloody suppression as well as their sympathy for the Taiwanese people.
In fact, Chinese publications outside Taiwan blamed the government for the incident, accusing it of being delinquent in carrying out its duties and criticizing the deployment of troops to suppress the uprising as a big mistake. There were pages and pages of criticism in the Hsinwen Tienti (新聞天地), the Analects Fortnightly (論語半月刊), the Chengchi Monthly (正氣月刊) and even in the China-US Weekly (中美週報).
By March 14, the crackdown had already caused severe casualties. A strident column in the Ta Kung Pao (大公報) said, "Taiwanese people have always been confident and tough, and will not be easily tempted. Their love for the motherland has never changed! If the authorities mobilize troops to punish the rebels in the name of penalizing Communists who sneaked into the island, the tragedy of the Han Chinese people may repeat again in Tai-wan and may leave a stain in history. Now, the casualties in Tai-wan
are mounting. No more harm should be done."
Today, most of Taiwan's historians believe that the Chinese Communist Party played a very limited role in the "228 Incident." The support for Taiwan among the intelligensia in the mainland was not incited by any political party, as they were simply expressing their innermost thoughts.
However, the 228 Incident also highlighted the bright side of human nature, which has deeply inspired me. The state machine must remain neutral and law and order in a democratic society must be maintained. The basis for this is unity among the ethnic groups. Only this bright side of human nature can prevent the scars of the incident -- which have yet to heal completely -- from widening.
Unity among the ethnic groups has been the foundation on which we strove together for Taiwan's economic and political miracles in the second half of last century. It has also become the unshakable foundation of our society.
To commemorate the 228 Incident today, we must also safeguard peace -- apart from mourning the dead and comforting those still alive. We must not allow our civilization to be damaged or humanity to be distorted by war. We must uphold brotherly love and let it become the driving force behind sincere unity and continual progress in society in Taiwan.
Ma Ying-jeou is the mayor of Taipei City.
Translated by Francis Huang, Jackie Lin, Perry Svensson
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