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作者: Diffen (風中緋櫻) 看板: politics
標題: Re: (新聞)美國國務院的台灣人權報告:政治介入新聞
時間: Wed Sep 21 20:47:41 2005
※ 引述《web1415 (哈哈)》之銘言：
: 評我人權表現 美國務院:政治介入新聞
: 【中廣新聞網 】
: 陳總統過境邁阿密期間，將接受國會人權連線所頒發的人權獎，而針對我國的人權表現
: ，國務院說，可以參考國務院的人權報告。2004年的國務院人權報告曾經引述我學者觀點
: 指出，新聞局經由換照審核過程，過度施加權力。 (張蓉湘報導。)
: 陳總統過境邁阿密期間將接受人權獎，而美國對我國的人權表現看法如何，特別是前一
: 陣子7家有線電視台由於換照不過，慘遭停播的命運，引發新聞自由的問題，對此，國務
: 院副發言人艾瑞里表示，國務院對我國人權表現，見諸人權報告，這是美國政府的公開
: 文件紀錄。
2004年度人權報告，應該不會包含這部份吧!?
: 國務院在2004年人權報告中指出，我國憲法保障新聞以及言論自由，我國政府大體尊重
: 這些自由。不過，從電子媒體裡，還是可以看到政治介入，特別是無線電視。 人權報告
: 也引述一些學者的觀點指出，新聞局籍由職權，在審核廣播以及電視台執照的時候，過
: 度施加權力以及影響力。
: 另外，針對前總統李登輝(新聞、網站)計劃訪問美國，外傳由於國務院的關切，今年訪美
: 已經不太可能，對此艾瑞里說，李登輝是平民，國務院沒有立場來評估他的訪美。
: 中廣記者張蓉湘在美國華盛頓報導
我都覺得，每次這種新聞，都故意"忽略"掉某些東西.....XD
只挑有利於自己立場作報導，蠻可悲的!
以下是原文： (僅摘取言論自由與出版自由的部份，2005,02,28)
The Constitution provides for freedom of speech and of the press, and the
authorities generally respected these rights in practice and did not restrict
academic freedom.
Print media represented the full spectrum of views within society. However,
some political influence still persisted with respect to the electronic
media, particularly broadcast television. The existence of approximately 100
cable television stations, some of which carry programming openly critical of
the various political parties, mitigated the importance of this influence.
Moreover, in December 2003, the LY approved legislation that bars the
Government, political parties, and political party officials from owning or
running media organizations. The Government and the parties are required to
divest themselves of stakes in all television and radio broadcast companies
within 2 years. Government and party officials who serve as board members or
hold managerial positions in media companies were obligated to sever their
media ties within 6 months. The legislation also mandates the formation of a
National Communications Commission (NCC) to replace the Government
Information Office (GIO) in overseeing the operations of the broadcast media.
The NCC is expected to begin operations in 2005. By the end of 2003, all
government offices and many politicians had complied with the new
legislation, and during the year government and party officials no longer
held positions in the media. However, opposition officials accused the
Government of using its advertising spending to influence media coverage of
the news and to promote ruling party candidates in the national elections.
Nevertheless, some scholars and opposition party officials have alleged that
the Government exercises too much power and influence through the GIO's
authority to regulate programming and the radio and television licensing
process. During the year, the GIO continued to implement a broadcasting
reorganization plan that will restructure public-owned radio networks and
reorganize the distribution of frequencies. The reorganization requires
several KMT-controlled broadcasting companies, particularly the Broadcasting
Corporation of China (BCC), to return some existing frequencies to the
Government for redistribution in the media market. The BCC has the largest
number of frequencies in Taiwan and had agreed in 1992 to return 14
frequencies used to block radio broadcasting from mainland China.
Controls over radio stations were more limited than those over television
stations and gradually were being liberalized. In a June report to the LY,
the Ministry of Transportation and Communications said it had fined more than
300 unlicensed radio stations fines totaling more than $590,000 (NT$20
million). In July, the GIO introduced a plan to ease the process for
underground stations to register with the government in an effort to
legitimize underground stations throughout the island.
There is a vigorous and active free press. Some have asserted that the market
is unable to support its large broadcasting and print media industry, and
that their financially precarious existence made many media enterprises
reliant on government advertising revenue and government-controlled banks
loans and hence reluctant to go to far in criticizing the Government. The
Government denied charges of media manipulations and asserted that it has
minimal direct control over the advertisement market. According to the GIO,
the government's advertising budget was approximately $30 million (NT$1
billion) during the fiscal year, which accounted for about 4 percent of the
$735-880 million (NT$25-30 billion) advertising market. In 2002, the
Government raided the offices of Next Magazine and confiscated 160,000 copies
of an issue containing an article about $100 million (NT$3.5 billion) in
secret funds established by former President Lee Teng-hui and used as well by
the current administration for diplomatic missions and policy initiatives.
The Taiwan High Court Prosecutor's Office charged a reporter at the magazine
with breaching national security. The case is still pending and has not been
brought to trial, but the reporter is actively employed as a journalist by a
daily newspaper. In July 2003, the Taiwan High Court sentenced a former
journalist who reported the details of a military exercise in 2000 to 18
months in prison and 3 years probation. The accused appealed the decision,
and in August, the Taiwan High Court reduced his prison term to 1 year and
suspended the sentence for 3 years. The police may seize violent or
pornographic material based on the offences against morals and public order
provisions of the Criminal Code and the Child and Adolescent Sexual
Prevention Statue. The police must request search warrants from prosecutors
to conduct such seizures.
The GIO required that any publications imported from mainland China be sent
to the GIO Publications Department for screening before sale or publication
and still sought to ban the importation of publications that advocated
communism or the establishment of united front organizations, endangered
public order or good morals, or violated regulations or laws. Nevertheless, a
wide variety of China-origin material was readily accessible to Taiwan
readers through the Internet. Beginning in July 2003, the GIO eliminated the
requirement that China-origin material be converted to traditional characters
before being published in Taiwan. However, cable television systems are still
required to send imported material to the GIO for screening and to convert
the subtitles to traditional characters before broadcasting.
The quality of news reporting was erratic, and, at times, the media trampled
on individuals' right to privacy. The media often taped and aired police
interrogations and entered hospital rooms when the patient was unable to
prevent this. (這一段蠻有意思的)
http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2004/42641.htm
看看2003年度的....(只摘取言論自由及出版自由的部份，2004,02,25)
中文版------
憲法規定言論自由和出版自由，當局在實際上一般尊重這些權利。
平面媒體全面反映社會中的各種觀點。但是，電子媒體，尤其是無線電視台，仍受到某些
政治影響。不過，鑑於台灣有大約100家有線電視台，其中有些播放公開批評各政黨的節
目，因此政黨對無線電視台的影響被淡化。此外，立法院在12月通過立法，禁止政府、政
黨、和政黨幹部擁有或經營媒體機構。此法要求政府和各政黨在兩年內出脫對電視和廣播
公司的持股。在媒體擔任董事或管理職位的黨政官員，也必須在半年內終止與媒體的關係
。此法同時規定成立國家傳播委員會，取代新聞局來監督廣電媒體的運作。到年底時，所
有政府機關和許多政治人物皆已遵行新法的規定。
廣播電台所受的控制比電視台有限，並逐漸自由化。為因應地下電台非法佔有政府和私人
財產並販售私藥等情事，一個跨部會小組於今年成立，專門查緝這些地下電台。交通部並
於本年上半年對33家電台開罰及勒令其歇業。
其他對媒體的限制包括，不許曾犯有叛亂罪的人擁有、管理或就職於電台電視台。但民進
黨領導人，其中很多在1979年人權日示威活動後爆發的「高雄事件」中被判叛亂罪，並未
受到影響，因為前一屆政府經由總統特赦已恢復了他們的權利。
新聞界自由、活躍、有生氣。1999年，立法院廢止《出版法》，該法授權警方沒收或禁止
內容煽動、反叛、褻瀆、干擾合法履行公權力、或違背公共秩序或道德的印刷品。不過，
2002年三月，政府查抄《壹週刊》雜誌社並沒收16萬份雜誌，原因是在那期雜誌上刊登了
一篇文章，報導前總統李登輝設立、現任政府仍在使用的為外交任務和政策計劃設置的1
億美金（35億新台幣）秘密基金。台灣高等法院檢察署起訴該雜誌的一名記者危害國家安
全；此案到年底時尚未了結。台灣高等法院在7月判處一名前記者一年半徒刑，緩刑三年
，因為他的報導觸及2000年某次軍事演習的細節。這名記者現仍上訴中。他是首位因洩露
軍事機密被定罪的人。出版法於1999年廢除後，警方可以依刑法和青少年性侵害防治法中
破壞道德和公共秩序的理由，查扣暴力或色情書刊。警方必須先向檢察官取得搜索票後方
得進行查扣行為。
行政院新聞局規定，所有從中國大陸輸入的出版品必須送交新聞局出版事業處審查後方能
銷售或出版，並仍然力求禁止輸入宣揚共產主義和建立統戰組織、危害公共秩序或善良風
俗、或違反法律和法規的出版物。7月起，新聞局取消來自中國大陸的資料必須改成繁體
字後方可在台灣出版的規定。但是有線電視業者仍須將輸入的節目內容送交新聞局審訂，
並將節目字幕轉換成繁體後方可播出。
新聞報導的品質良莠不齊，媒體時而踐踏個人的隱私權。媒體經常錄製並播放警方偵訊的
內容，或在病人無力制止的情形下闖入病房。
當局不限制學術自由。
--
「我們都很努力地讓我們的動作看起來很優美、更流暢、控制力更強，
在我們心中有一個理想的風格，成為我們追求的目標；
光是登頂是不夠的，要達到這種完美的境界才重要」。
--Francois Legrand ,1995, for mag.R&C
--
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