→ Dranoel:原諒我是文組學生XD 有些單字都不懂 04/16 00:26
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-13094597
Air pollution is damaging 60% of Europe's prime wildlife sites in meadows,
forests and heaths, according to a new report.
A team of EU scientists said nitrogen emissions from cars, factories and
farming was threatening biodiversity.
It's the second report this week warning of the on-going risks and threats
linked to nitrogen pollution.
The Nitrogen Deposition and Natura 2000 report was published at a key
scientific conference in Edinburgh.
Earlier this week, the European Nitrogen Assessment - the first of its kind -
estimated nitrogen damage to health and the environment at between ￡55bn and
￡280bn a year in Europe, even though nitrogen pollution from vehicles and
industry had dropped 30% over recent decades.
Nitrogen in the atmosphere is harmless in its inert state, but the report
says reactive forms of nitrogen, largely produced by human activity, can be a
menace to the natural world.
Emissions mostly come from vehicle exhausts, factories, artificial
fertilisers and manure from intensive farming.
The reactive nitrogen they emit to the air disrupts the environment in two
ways:
It can make acidic soils too acidic to support their previous mix of species.
But primarily, because nitrogen is a fertiliser, it favours wild plants that
can maximise the use of nitrogen to help them grow.
In effect, some of the nitrogen spread to fertilise crops is carried in the
atmosphere to fertilise weeds, possibly a great distance from where the
chemicals were first applied.
The effects of fertilisation and acidification favour common aggressive
species like grasses, brambles and nettles.
（黑莓、荊棘）（蕁麻）
They harm more delicate species like lichens, mosses, harebells and
insect-eating sundew plants. （/'laikin/，青苔）（風信子）
（/'s^n,du/，毛氈苔）
'Ignored problem'
The report said 60% of wildlife sites were now receiving a critical load of
reactive nitrogen.
The report's lead author, Dr Kevin Hicks from the University of York's
Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), told BBC News that England's Peak
District had a demonstrably low range of species as a result of the reactive
nitrogen that fell on the area.
"Nitrogen creates a rather big problem that seems to me to have been given
too little attention," he said.
"Governments are obliged by the EU Habitats Directive to protect areas like
this, but they are clearly failing."
（連鎖效應）
He said more research was needed to understand the knock-on effects for
creatures from the changes in vegetation inadvertently caused by emissions
from cars, industry and farms.
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