[討論] 奇幻小說英文(冰與火)武器篇

[iamx ( )]

   圖文版 http://paige.pixnet.net/blog/post/32003435

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中世紀的弓大致有longbow和crossbow，也就是一般弓和十字弓。longbow用的箭
是arrow，crossbow用的箭叫quarrel或bolt。弦是bowstring。箭頭是point，
箭身是shaft，箭羽是fletching，箭尾有一個小凹槽讓弦扣上的地方叫nock。
nock做為動詞也是放箭上弓的意思，與notch同。裝箭的箭袋叫quiver。發射
一支箭叫loose an arrow。

[箭部位圖]
[crossbow達文西設計圖]

長劍是sword應該大家都知道。劍的把柄部位叫做hilt，包含了防止手被對方
戳到用的guard、握把grip，以及最尾端的一個球狀物pommel。劍刃是blade。
書中有提過一種叫bastard sword，雜種劍，是介於單手劍和雙手劍之間尺寸
的劍。收劍的鞘是scabbard。收劍的動詞是sheathe，拔劍是unsheathe。
dirk是短劍，匕首是dagger，falchion是彎刃大刀。Battle axe是戰斧，
poleaxe是有長柄的戰斧。scythe書中比較少出現，是像死神拿的那種長柄鐮刀。

[劍部位圖]

長矛 (長槍) 是spear。專門設計給騎士用的長矛是lance。長槍比賽jousting用
的就是lance。比武大會tournament or tourney除了jousting以外，還有大混戰
melee (mêlée) 。jousting比賽的場地叫list。

[長槍比賽圖]

mace是尾端是球狀的棍棒。Morning star是帶刺的釘頭錘，頭部通常是帶刺的球形。
類似的武器還有本書沒出現的流星錘Flail。

[晨星錘圖]

Siege weapons是攻城用的武器。ram是攻城槌，用來撞破城門的大圓柱，catapult
是小型投石機，trebuchet是大型投石機，投石的部位像彈弓一樣的。mangonel也是
大型投石機，投石的部位是碗狀的。Siege tower是用來讓士兵爬城牆的塔。書中還
有一種叫scorpion的武器，雖然不是攻城用的，但是是利用投石機原理發射箭的武
器，中文稱弩砲。

[攻城槌圖]
[catapult圖]
[trebuchet]
[攻城塔圖]

還有一個特別的防禦性武器，叫做caltrops，是撒在地上的四角鐵釘，中文叫鐵
蒺藜或蒺藜釘，是防禦騎兵用的。

[鐵蒺藜圖]

單字表:

Longbow 長弓
Crossbow 十字弓
Arrow 箭
Quarrel/bolt 十字弓用箭
Bowstring 弦
Shaft 箭身
Fletching 箭羽
Nock 箭尾端搭弦處, v. 將(箭)搭上弦
Notch v. 將(箭)搭上弦
Quiver 箭袋
Sword 劍
Hilt 劍柄
Pommel 劍柄的圓球
Scabbard 鞘
Sheathe v. 收劍入鞘
Unsheathe v. 拔劍出鞘
Blade 劍刃
Dirk 短劍
Dagger 匕首
Falchion 彎刃大刀
Battle axe 戰斧
Poleaxe 長柄大斧
Scythe 長柄鐮刀
Spear 長矛 長槍
Lance 騎兵用長矛
Tournament/tourney 比武大賽
Jousting 長槍比賽
List 長槍比賽場地
Melee/mêlée 混戰
Mace 尾端有圓球或鈍器的棍棒
Morning star 晨星棒 釘頭錘
Flail 流星錘
Siege 圍城 攻城
Ram 攻城槌、撞木
Catapult 小型投石機
Trebuchet 大型投石機
Mangonel 大型投石機
Siege tower 攻城塔
Scorpion 弩砲
Caltrop 鐵蒺藜


冰與火例句:

Quarrels and arrows sped back and forth. Watty fell with a
grunt, his bow slipping from his hand. Kyle was trying to nock another
shaft to his string when a man in black mail flung a spear
through his belly. (A Storm of Swords)

“We've planted iron spikes under the water, y'see, and there's caltrops
scattered among them rocks there. It's the same on all the fords, by
your brother's command.”(A Clash of Kings)

Joffrey jerked the trigger on the crossbow. The bolt missed by two feet.
(A Clash of Kings)

Jon hung a quiver from his belt and pulled an arrow. The shaft was
black, the fletching grey. As he notched it to his string, he
remembered something that Theon Greyjoy had once said after a hunt.
(A Storm of Swords)

The hilt had been fashioned new for him, adorned with a
wolf's-head pommel in pale stone, but the blade itself was Valyrian
steel, old and light and deadly sharp. (A Clash of Kings)

Many of the travelers were armed; Arya saw daggers and dirks,
scythes and axes, and here and there a sword. (A Clash of Kings)

A lion-headed mace, a poleaxe, and a crossbow had been hung
on the walls. The poleaxe would be clumsy to wield inside a castle,
and the mace was too high to reach, but a large wood-and-iron chest
had been placed against the wall directly under the crossbow.
(A Storm of Swords)

I know of every hedge knight, freerider, and upjumped squire of any
skill who has ever presumed to break a lance in the lists.
(A Storm of Swords)

The tourney Lord Whent staged at Harrenhal beside the Gods Eye, in the
year of the false spring. A notable event. Besides the jousting, there
was a mêlée in the old style fought between seven teams of knights,
as well as archery and axe-throwing, a horse race, a tournament of
singers, a mummer show, and many feasts and frolics. (A Storm of Swords)

He had emptied the armory to put good steel in their hands; big
double-bladed axes, razor-sharp daggers, longswords, maces,
spiked morningstars. (A Storm of Swords)

Great siege engines lined the grassy verge of the roseroad,
mangonels and trebuchets and rolling rams mounted on wheels
taller than a man on horseback. (A Clash of Kings)

The stonemasons are strengthening the walls, carpenters are building
scorpions and catapults by the hundred, fletchers are making
arrows, the smiths are forging blades, and the Alchemists' Guild has
pledged ten thousand jars of wildfire. (A Clash of Kings)




參考資料 :

http://en.wikipedia.org

武器事典 作者/市川定春 譯者/林哲逸、高胤喨 (http://www.books.com.tw/exep/prod/booksfile.php?item=0010281858)

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※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc)
◆ From: 24.18.197.7
推 panbelli:推推
推 Yanrei:推
推 fourmis:專業推
推 pantheress:必推
→ pantheress:第二段第四行 應為收"劍"
→ pantheress:還有是長"矛"不是長"茅" 囉嗦更正一下錯字
→ pantheress:對了 Morning star在書裡頭被譯成"流星錘"
推 babylina:期待已久的武器篇!
推 windersword:比起其他篇..這篇所有單字都懂的我是怎麼了(遮臉
推 hhwang:同意樓上，我以為這篇我只會認得bastard sword
推 KAKU29:常常玩RPG的 看到這些單字超熟悉
推 SITC:話說Jon Snow的配劍也是bastard sword啊…
推 luciferii:長"茅"...有點太軟了XD 只能當拂塵 :P
→ luciferii:Mace 不一定是釘頭鎚，MorningStar流星鎚一直都是誤譯
推 cuteolivia:推
推 bloodpledge:bastard sword 勇者標準配備
推 octobird:內文有錯字，是長「矛」，不是長「茅」
※ 編輯: iamx            來自: 24.18.197.7          (04/29 13:57)
→ iamx:錯字改好了 ^^"
→ iamx:mace沒有刺喔  流星錘我的理解是有一個鍊子連一個帶刺的球吧?
→ iamx:那跟morning star是不一樣的
→ iamx:我沒有中文版的書可以比較，歡迎大家提出來討論用語的不同
※ 編輯: iamx            來自: 24.18.197.7          (04/29 14:06)
推 luciferii:狼牙棒一般是Spiked Club
→ luciferii:不過冰火裏好像沒出現
→ luciferii:中國的流星錘英文屬於Flail的一種
推 outsmart33:單字表 Spear 長茅 長槍   這裡沒改到
推 prononhead:流星錘通常是flail沒錯，morning star不是鏈槌，而是長
→ prononhead:桿末端有個刺球。Mace的話其實比較不一定，也有桿狀然
→ prononhead:後有幾片突起的角那種的。
→ prononhead:之所以叫做Bastard sword是因為可以單手，也可以雙手用
→ prononhead:嚴格來說其實這些詞大多是指一類武器，底下還有很多分
→ prononhead:類，例如bow其實也不只有longbow跟crossbow，但是我想
→ prononhead:小說裡應該也不會用得這麼細...推詳細整理。
→ prononhead:Ram我們好像通常叫做攻城槌，或是撞木的樣子
推 prononhead:http://www.chivalrythegame.com/blog/weapons
→ prononhead:剛剛想到有興趣的板友可以參考這個遊戲，武器的樣子大
→ prononhead:致上是正確的，不過當然還是有不少其他變形存在。
推 prononhead:Scorpion我們應該是叫弩炮(特別是羅馬式)
   謝謝大家提供的資訊，我把內文又改了一點
   大家真的有讀內容耶! 那我就滿足了 :)
※ 編輯: iamx            來自: 131.107.192.211      (04/30 03:06)
推 articlebear:推
推 luciferii::P 流星錘只是Flail的一種，Flail其實很像長柄雙截棍
→ luciferii:只是改裝成球就變流星錘了...中西武器要一一對應很難
推 vampraths:pommel通常譯劍把頭
→ vampraths:更正，劍柄頭
推 laoinwin:或稱「劍首」，應該是用來調整劍的重心用的
推 kaseno:dirk跟匕首算是同類 有點像是大把的扁鑽
→ kaseno:Ballista比較常被譯為弩砲 scorpion通常是它的一種
推 shadowpower:這篇看懂最多 XD
推 JustinTW:Morning Star其實超形象，西方很多璉枷/流星槌類武器
→ JustinTW:都會用這種很形象的名詞
→ JustinTW:Scorpion是羅馬的蠍式弩砲，Ballista才是弩炮
→ JustinTW:Ram是破城鎚，其實就是形象比喻他的外觀，一個公羊頭
→ JustinTW:古代大概覺得這些公羊發情期的對撞PK和破城鎚的原理很類
→ JustinTW:似才這樣設計外觀
推 bbuda:有在玩暗黑破壞神的感覺
推 kiliman:推！
推 prononhead:對，我想起來了，通常是叫做蠍式弩砲。
推 dans:推  想買原文了