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http://freebsd.lab.mlc.edu.tw/ports.htm 安裝應用軟體：The Ports collection 本文件操作於：FreeBSD 4.4-RELEASE -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ports安裝設定：用Ports的方式安裝基本的應用軟體。而FreeBSD原則上會到各應用軟體的總站臺下載原始程式後才編譯、安裝，如此速度上會顯得很慢。因此，我們必須設定FreeBSD只需到交大資工系(或者是臺灣地區其他的mirror站) 來抓取原始程式碼即可。 cp /etc/defaults/make.conf /etc/ vi /etc/make.conf 將： # Port master sites. # # If you want your port fetches to go somewhere else than the default # (specified below) in case the distfile/patchfile was not found, # uncomment this and change it to a location nearest you. (Don't # remove the "/${DIST_SUBDIR}/" part.) # #MASTER_SITE_BACKUP?= \ # ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/ # # If you want your port fetches to check the above site first (before # the MASTER_SITES specified in the port Makefiles), uncomment the # line below. You can also change the right side to point to wherever # you want. # #MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE?= ${MASTER_SITE_BACKUP} # 改為： # Port master sites. # # If you want your port fetches to go somewhere else than the default # (specified below) in case the distfile/patchfile was not found, # uncomment this and change it to a location nearest you. (Don't # remove the "/${DIST_SUBDIR}/" part.) # MASTER_SITE_BACKUP?= \ ftp://ftp.tw.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/\ ftp://ftp5.tw.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/\ ftp://ftp10.tw.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/\ ftp://ftp2.tw.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/\ ftp://ftp3.tw.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/\ ftp://ftp4.tw.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/\ ftp://ftp7.tw.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/\ ftp://ftp8.tw.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/\ ftp://ftp9.tw.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/\ ftp://ftp11.tw.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/\ ftp://ftp12.tw.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/\ ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/ # # If you want your port fetches to check the above site first (before # the MASTER_SITES specified in the port Makefiles), uncomment the # line below. You can also change the right side to point to wherever # you want. # MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE?= ${MASTER_SITE_BACKUP} # 上述站台的排列原則是，哪一台的網路連線與您的網路環境最佳者，排在第一個。抓檔案時，如果第一台抓不到，會依序向第二台詢問有沒有。如果都問完了，還是沒有，就會到國外的原始站台去抓。不過，這種情形應該很少見到。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 開始用Ports安裝應用軟體： cd /usr/ports/net/cvsup-without-gui; make install clean cd /usr/ports/sysutils/portupgrade ; make install clean cd /usr/ports/ftp/wget ; make install clean cd /usr/ports/security/sudo ; make install clean cd /usr/ports/shells/bash2 ; make install clean cd /usr/ports/ftp/ncftp3 ; make install clean cd /usr/ports/mail/imap-uw ; make install clean cd /usr/ports/mail/qpopper ; make install clean cd /usr/ports/security/pidentd ; make install clean cd /usr/ports/misc/gnuls ; make install clean 其中，cvsup-without-gui 與 portupgrade 是屬於系統更新( src 及 ports-tree ) 的工具軟體，建議您一定要裝。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 查看安裝之後的結果： pkg_info autoconf-2.13_1 Automatically configure source code on many Un*x platforms bash-2.05 The GNU Bourne Again Shell gettext-0.10.35 GNU gettext package gettext-0.10.38 GNU gettext package gmake-3.79.1 GNU version of 'make' utility isc-dhcp3-3.0.r11 ISC Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol client and server code libiconv-1.7_1 A character set conversion library libtool-1.3.4_2 Generic shared library support script m4-1.4 GNU's m4 ncftp3-3.0.3 ftp replacement with advanced user interface pidentd-2.8.5 An RFC1413 identification server qpopper-4.0.3_1 Berkeley POP 3 server (now maintained by Qualcomm) wget-1.7_3 Retrieve files from the 'net via HTTP and FTP -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 大海撈針：搜尋某一ports cd /usr/ports make search key="popper" | more cd /usr/ports make search key="libiconv" | grep Path: | grep libiconv Port: qpopper-2.53_2 Path: /usr/ports/mail/popper Info: Berkeley POP 3 server (now maintained by Qualcomm) Maint: ache@freebsd.org Index: mail B-deps: R-deps: Port: qpopper-4.0.3_1 Path: /usr/ports/mail/qpopper Info: Berkeley POP 3 server (now maintained by Qualcomm) Maint: lioux@FreeBSD.org Index: mail ipv6 B-deps: autoconf-2.13_1 m4-1.4 R-deps: Port:軟體名稱，Path:路徑，Info:訊息，Maint:維護者，Index:類型。 cd /usr/ports make search key="libiconv" | grep Path: | grep libiconv -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ports-tree的更新 cd /usr/ports fetch ftp://freebsd.csie.nctu.edu.tw/pub/CVSup/cvsupfile-ports cvsup -g -L 2 cvsupfile-ports 我以HiNet-ADSL在FreeBSD 4.2-RELEASE上至NCTU更新ports，共花費了01:07:00。而在苗栗縣網中，以FreeBSD 4.6-RELEASE至NCTU更新ports，只花費了00:05:00。這個更新的內容預設值是全部的ports，所需耗費的時間相對就很長。您可以只選擇其中的一部份來更新即可，只要改cvsupfile-ports檔案最底下的那一行 (ports-all)。 ports-base: /usr/ports/... misc files at the top of /usr/ports ports-archivers: /usr/ports/archivers archiving tools ports-audio: /usr/ports/audio sound support ports-benchmarks: /usr/ports/benchmarks benchmarks ports-cad: /usr/ports/cad CAD tools ports-comms: /usr/ports/comms communication software ports-databases: /usr/ports/databases databases ports-devel: /usr/ports/devel development utilities ports-editors: /usr/ports/editors editors ports-emulators: /usr/ports/emulators emulators for other OSes ports-games: /usr/ports/games games ports-graphics: /usr/ports/graphics various graphics utilities ports-japanese: /usr/ports/japanese Japanese software. ports-lang: /usr/ports/lang programming languages ports-mail: /usr/ports/mail mail software ports-math: /usr/ports/math numerical computation software ports-misc: /usr/ports/misc miscellaneous utilities ports-net: /usr/ports/net networking software ports-news: /usr/ports/news USENET news software ports-plan9: /usr/ports/plan9 various programs from Plan9 ports-print: /usr/ports/print printing software ports-russian: /usr/ports/russian Russian software ports-security: /usr/ports/security ``security'' utilities, for better or for worse ports-shells: /usr/ports/shells various UN*X shells ports-sysutils: /usr/ports/sysutils system utilities ports-www: /usr/ports/www software related to the world wide web ports-x11: /usr/ports/x11 X11 software -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 用 ports 安裝的軟體，遇有該軟體版本更新時如何處置？請先做「ports-tree的更新」的動作，之後再分別執行下列三道指令： portsdb -Uu pkgdb -F portupgrade -acCv 備註：執行 portsdb -Uu 時，會有令人覺得當機的味道。別耽心，耐心的稍等一下下就好。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- portupgrade時，改變預設的編譯安裝選項編輯 /usr/local/etc/pkgtools.conf MAKE_ARGS = { 'databases/mysql323-*' => 'WITH_CHARSET=big5', 'databases/mysql323-*' => 'SKIP_INSTALL_DB=yes', 'databases/phpmyadmin' => 'MYADMDIR?=www/data/phpMyAdmin', 'www/apache13' => 'WITH_APACHE_SUEXEC=yes', } mysql 安裝時，預設不支援中文；而phpMyAdmin預設的安裝路徑則在www/data.default/phpMyAdmin，與apache不同，害我裝了之後找好久才找到。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 版本衝突時 pkgdb -F Duplicated origin: sysutils/portupgrade - portupgrade-20020706 portupgrade-20020805 Unregister any of them? [no] yes Unregister portupgrade-20020706 keeping the installed files intact? [no] no -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- portupgrade 強制更新 (操作於 FreeBSD 4.6.2-RELEASE ) 未更新 PORTS-TREE 前，portupgrade 已安裝的版本： pkg_info | grep portupgrade portupgrade-20020429 Very powerful FreeBSD ports/packages upgrading tool and mor 更新 PORTS-TREE 之後，PORTS 中 portupgrade 的版本： grep \PORTVERSION= /usr/ports/sysutils/portupgrade/Makefile PORTVERSION= 20020805 執行 portupgrade 後，portupgrade 自己並未更新。強制以新的portupgrade取代舊的portupgrade-20020429 portupgrade -o /usr/ports/sysutils/portupgrade portupgrade-20020429 再檢查一遍portupgrade 安裝的版本： pkg_info | grep portupgrade portupgrade-20020805 Very powerful FreeBSD ports/packages upgrading tool and mor -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FreshPorts http://freshports.org/ 每一個ports都有專人負責，其更新也是非常迅速，這兒有第一手資料。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 網路上的相關文件： http://freebsd.sinica.edu.tw/~statue/handbook/ports.html http://freebsd.sinica.edu.tw/pipermail/freebsd-taiwan-doc/2001-April/000013.html http://www.lsps.tp.edu.tw/~gsyan/freebsd2001/ports.html http://ohaha.ks.edu.tw/ports.htm http://ohaha.ks.edu.tw/portupgrade.htm http://ohaha.ks.edu.tw/portexec.htm http://www.study-area.net/freebsd/how_to_use_ports_package/how_to_use_ports.htm http://freebsd.csie.nctu.edu.tw/handbook.big5/handbook197.html -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 其他： make install ：安裝所選定的 Port make deinstall ：移除已安裝的 Port make reinstall ：移除之後再安裝一次 make clean ：安裝完畢後移除 make 資料夾下的檔案 make distclean ：移除安裝後的原始檔案，以節省磁碟空間 make install make install clean make install clean distclean