感謝 princearthas板友熱情提供他的整理~

http://www.wretch.cc/blog/princearthas&article_id=12913053



轉自 CD http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=22&ID=296065&page=1

夏威夷發展的測定


文章大意：最新研究證明夏威夷社會政治的發展比預想快。口述歷史講述17世紀初有個
大牛人P統一了夏威夷，但無法證明，因為相關證據無法用C14測定年代。科學家用了
新方法，證明大量用於分配產品的寺廟建于17世紀初，從而證明了口述歷史中17世紀初
的大變革。

(下面為google搜索到的文章, 和JJ完全一致)
Proto-historic Hawaiian temples on the island of Maui may have mushroomed up
within just 30 years, not 250 as previously supposed, scientists say. The
findings could significantly alter researchers' understanding of the pace of
precontact sociopolitical change in the Pacific.

Hawaiian genealogies and oral histories hold that sometime around 1600 A.D. a
ruler named Pi'ilani united two opposing chiefdoms on Maui into a peaceful
kingdom, marking the emergence of a religious state on the island.
Archaeologists had been unable to confirm that sequence of events, however,
in part because of the limitations of carbon dating. (一種炭14元素測時間技術)
In the new work, Patrick V. Kirch and Warren D. Sharp of the University of
California and Berkeley used another kind of radiometric technique involving
thorium-230, rather than carbon-14, to date bits of branch coral that were
collected from living reefs and left as divine offerings at seven different
temples during construction.(部分細節定位題) Dates for these corals, which had
 been incorporated into walls and platform fill, all fell in a narrow range
of 1565 to 1638 A.D., give or take a few years on either end. Moreover, dates
on the samples that best reflect the time they were harvested from the sea--
those from the coral branch tips--ranged from 1608 to 1638 A.D., an interval
of just 30 years. These findings thus point to intensive temple-building during
 that time. Because temples served as centers for control of production and the
 collection of surplus goods, the team contends, it seems likely that the
construction boom accompanied a profound shift in sociopolitical structure
 (第二段有細節題，看仔細)

Kirch and Sharp observe that the conquests described by local oral traditions
coincide with these new dates, and would have more than doubled the size of
the Maui polity to upwards of 2,360 square kilometers--the magnitude of
expansion expected with the formation of an archaic state. "The temples
provide tangible archaeological evidence of the speed with which a fundamental
 sociopolitical transition occurred in proto-historic Hawaii," the authors
conclude. Indeed, they note, it may have happened in the span of a single
generation of Hawaiians. (證明夏威夷社會政治的發展比預想快，在一代就完成)

Q1:TOPIC證明夏威夷社會政治的發展比預想快 topic

Q2: What can infer EXCEPT (細節題)

Q3: why scientist can not prove Hawaii happened in a single period of history
 originally?

感謝原JJ作者，也感謝今天裸奔的那位兄弟，希望下次考好


我在補充點內容吧.

夏威夷TEMPLES

V1

最新研究證明夏威夷社會政治的發展比預想快。口述歷史講述17世紀初有個大牛人P
統一了夏威夷，但無法證明，因為相關證據無法用C14測定年代。科學家用了新方法，
證明 大量用於分配產品的寺廟建于17世紀初，從而證明了口述歷史中17世紀初的大變革。
V2

第一段：某個文明或者宗教有個廟，可能比傳統學者完成的時間要早。但是又沒有確實的
理論來支持。
第二段：新的科技或者是證據（這一點大家認真讀吧）利用同位素測試裝飾這個塔的某個
海生植物。測出其豐收的時間等等.(就是說明了這個塔修時間和原來想的不一樣 )。由於
這個台是當地多餘（surplus)物品的聚集和交換地，有重要的作用。因此都出這社會文明
結構（這個複合詞不認識）may serve one generation.

q1　原文的目的：選項實在看不出來．我混淆的選項是　Ａ新的證據證明這個文明結構
reform非常短　還是Ｅnovelty技術描述了歷史
q2　serve vone generation 的作用。我選：這個文明結構比原想的更uneven．
q3　原文暗示了什麼？其中Ｂ是　這個塔primarily是物品（無多餘）的交換和集合地．
我覺得不像．我選的是"這個水生植物被裝飾到塔得時候還是活的，when harvest time."
 選項如此，我也沒太讀懂
c、Temples in Hawaii - Maui. Oral history told by Hawaii locals states that


King B united two tribes during ... Researchers think the social politics
change of Hawaii happened in a single period of history.Recently, researchers
are able to date the temple by U..230..(two elements of temple wall)... It
proves that many temples were built using the same material during a short
period of time. Temples were used as a center to control the production and
collect surplus foods. Therefore, it confers what oral history said.

2007年4月RC機經多次出現夏威夷寺廟(Hawaii Temples)，通過google終於找到原文
（我沒看過原文，這是基於各前輩所寫的機經內容而找的，對照之後覺得十分相似，
請看過原文的前輩看看是否就是這東東）。內容如下：
Proto-historic Hawaiian temples on the island of Maui may have mushroomed up
within just 30 years, not 250 as previously supposed, scientists say. The
findings could significantly alter researchers' understanding of the pace
of precontact sociopolitical change in the Pacific.

Hawaiian genealogies and oral histories hold that sometime around 1600 A.D.
a ruler named Pi'ilani united two opposing chiefdoms on Maui into a peaceful
 kingdom, marking the emergence of a religious state on the island.
Archaeologists had been unable to confirm that sequence of events, however,
in part because of the limitations of carbon dating.

In the new work, Patrick V. Kirch and Warren D. Sharp of the University of
California and Berkeley used another kind of radiometric technique involving
thorium-230, rather than carbon-14, to date bits of branch coral that were
collected from living reefs and left as divine offerings at seven different
temples during construction. Dates for these corals, which had been
incorporated into walls and platform fill, all fell in a narrow range of 1565
 to 1638 A.D., give or take a few years on either end.
Moreover, dates on the samples that best reflect the time they were harvested
from the sea--those from the coral branch tips--ranged from 1608 to 1638 A.D.,
 an interval of just 30 years. These findings thus point to intensive
temple-building during that time. Because temples served as centers for control
 of production and the collection of surplus goods, the team contends, it seems
 likely that the construction boom accompanied a profound shift in
sociopolitical structure. Kirch and Sharp observe that the conquests described by local oral traditions coincide with these new dates, and would have more than doubled the size of the Maui polity to upwards of 2,360 square kilometers--the magnitude of expansion expected with the formation of an archaic state. "The temples provide tangible archaeological evidence of the speed with which a fundamental sociopolitical transition occurred in proto-historic Hawaii," the authors conclude. Indeed, they note, it
may have happened in th span of a single generation of Hawaiians.
V3

一篇：夏威夷發展的測定

q1有兩個選型比較混淆：一個說文章是用新的科學技術證實了一個地區的歷史；
另一個選項是說，文章證實了口述者的話，並讓人們對於某個地區的瞭解更正確了。
我選的後者，因為沒有說明是新發明的科學技術。


1/2 新增

2.夏威夷古廟 這是前幾天一位牛牛寫的
1、說夏威夷的一些建築一開始專家認為是在250年間建成的，但是當地的oral history
說是在一個人（名字忘了）的帶領下建成的，主要因為用碳追蹤法有limitation。現在
有了新的方法，用另兩種元素（不認識是什麼，可能是?，鈾之類的）來算年代，用的是
珊瑚礁裏的這種元素，說在這些建築裏都有珊瑚，而珊瑚只在海裏才能吸收這種元素，
所以根據衰變率可以算出年代。最終發現是幾十年內建成的，印證了oral history
   問題： 這篇文章沒證明什麼 except題    coral在古廟中的作用是什麼


1.      遇到了夏威夷神廟的那題，但題目都很不同，記得主題題大家推薦的A
    the reform is short lived，
   但B選項的support oral historian and help scientists better understand the
   truth感覺也不錯，
   不知道這個short lived對不對，希望大家來解釋一下。還有一題問可以infer什麼，
   我選的是這些reef從海裏拔出來以後就沒有再吸收鈾了。
   很同意有人說沒題目的RC JJ沒多大作用，因為大家基本都能看明白，這次我考的文章
   遇到JJ，但題目好像換了。