第三篇是我的專業題。說試嘗促銷是常見的一種store促銷方式，它的效果取決於一些
因素（作者用了noise一詞，但意為干擾因素）這些distraction有怎麼影響最終的
消費者購買，我打算儘快GOOGLE原文，希望對大家有用。

RC的文章應該是這篇研究的總結，只有摘要
http://www.atypon-link.com/AMA/doi/abs/10.1509/jmkr.42.2.157.62287

Sampling programs are a significant element of the promotions mix, particularly
 in the food category. In this research, the authors find that the degree to
which consumers are distracted while sampling a product can influence the
effectiveness of such programs. In particular, the authors find that
distraction actually increases subsequent choice of the sampled food, a finding
that is contrary to what industry experts predict. The authors propose a
dual-process model of somatosensory experiences to account for the findings.
In line with the model, the findings suggest that the ultimate pleasure that
a consumer derives from the taste of a food sample depends on two components,
an informational component and an affective component. Furthermore, the
findings suggest that distraction affects the subsequent choice of the sampled
item by increasing (decreasing) the impact of the affective component
(informational component) on subsequent choice.


綠色的是文章中沒有包括的，其實文章很簡單的，貌似選項也不難。這篇RC出現在20-30之間，研究是05年的，估計是測試題
http://www.91files.com/?CG6G3J7161ZWRIBU8I2I

有一篇是說 promotion的。

第一段 在超市通常都會有試吃，然後一堆人就開始做了研究，發現了一些事情。

第二段，研究發現， 這種promotion sampling確實對購買會有影響，還發現人們購買
這種sample主要根據information 和effect(現場吃的效果）來決定是不是購買的。

第三段 研究發現，這種促銷的聲音越大，就會對購買習慣產生越大的影響，也就是說，
可以影響到effect這一塊。如果人們不喜歡，那麼聲音越大，就會越使他們不想買；
反之亦然。除了那些本來就是特別關注當場effect的人（這撥人不管促銷聲音大小都
不會受到影響）


1/2 新增

第二篇超市Promotion試吃

 “ RC的文章應該是這篇研究的總結，只有摘要, 綠色的是文章中沒有包括的，其實文章
很簡單的，貌似選項也不難。這篇RC出現在20-30之間，研究是05年的，估計是測試題

研究文獻已經找到，個人理解應付考試，讀前言和結論瞭解背景就夠了，關鍵是理解
個別辭彙的意思和研究記錄和思路，這篇RC題好像不難的，3個，一個是main idea。
2個好像都考infer。
文獻下載地址http://www.91files.com/?CG6G3J7161ZWRIBU8I2I“

這篇讀的也不好
要做好這篇一定要好好讀上面這段話，我昨天時間不夠用了，所以沒有讀，後悔啊
裏面很多概念都非常有助於對這篇的理解
注意幾個關鍵字的理解：
distraction、
impact affect
informative component and affective component
Pain reseach （好像是reseach，這個pain另我很費解，現在也不懂，作者說
“we made pain reseach of three points, and two points balblabla…）
subsequent purchase (有題好像是問什麼能影響subsequent purchase)

有一道題我印象比較深刻，好像是問什麼影響人們的subsequent purchase，我排除到
最後剩下B和C兩個幾乎一樣的答案，唯一區別就是B說informative component 、
C說affective component ，我想了好久選了那個informative component，但是非常
不確定
題目的答案還是非常混淆的

超市Promotion試吃

Consider an experience that most people are familiar with: sampling food items
in a grocery store. If a food sample tastes good, the following question
arises: Is the pleasure that consumers experience, and therefore their
subsequent preference for the sample, stronger if they are distracted while
tasting the item than if they are paying attention while tasting the item?
Thus, from marketers' perspectives, the following question arises: Would it
be better to have a protocol at the sampling station that distracts consumers,
or should marketers try to focus consumers' attention on the experience while
they taste the food product?

Although the focus of this research is on pleasure rather than on pain, several
 researchers have noted the overlap in neural substrates that are activated by
 pleasurable and aversive stimuli. Therefore, it is possible that findings in
the domain of pain apply to the domain of pleasure as well. A robust but
counterintuitive finding in research on pain is that that the intensity of
the somatosensory experience is actually greater when a person is distracted
rather than paying attention to specific aspects of the experience. If such
findings in the domain of pain also apply to the domain of pleasure, the
effects of distraction in the domain of pleasure may also run counter to
intuition and to the opinions of the marketing experts whom we surveyed.
Specifically, if findings in the domain of pain are consistent with those in
the domain of pleasure, distraction (versus paying attention) while tasting a
food sample should actually increase the intensity of the pleasure experienced
 and therefore increase subsequent preferences for the sampled option.

A major goal of this research was to identify the key influences on the choice
 of a sampled food item. We did this by focusing on a common issue in food
sampling, namely, that the consumer is often distracted (e.g., by others,
looking at information, his or her own thoughts) while tasting the sampled
product. In examining how distractions could affect whether the sampled item
was or was not chosen, we found support for a dual-process model of food
sampling, which derives from work on the interplay of affect and cognition in
decision making. This model proposes that two major components influence the
choice of a sampled food item: an informational component and an affective
component. These two inputs combine to influence the amount of pleasure that
a person experiences when tasting a food sample, and this pleasure can then
translate into choice. According to this model, the affective component is
associated with automatic processes and is not affected by levels of
distraction. In contrast, the informational component is associated with
controlled processes and is affected by distractions.

第一段 在超市通常都會有試吃，然後一堆人就開始做了研究，發現了一些事情。
第二段，研究發現， 這種promotion sampling確實對購買會有影響，還發現人們購買
這種sample主要根據information 和effect(現場吃的效果）來決定是不是購買的。
第三段 研究發現，這種促銷的聲音越大，就會對購買習慣產生越大的影響，也就是說，
可以影響到effect這一塊。如果人們不喜歡，那麼聲音越大，就會越使他們不想買；
反之亦然。除了那些本來就是特別關注當場effect的人（這撥人不管促銷聲音大小都不會
受到影響）

RC的文章應該是這篇研究的總結，只有摘要, 綠色的是文章中沒有包括的，其實文章很
簡單的，貌似選項也不難。這篇RC出現在20-30之間，研究是05年的，估計是測試題
Sampling programs are a significant element of the promotions mix, particularly
 in the food category. In this research, the authors find that the degree to
which consumers are distracted while sampling a product can influence the
effectiveness of such programs. In particular, the authors find that
distraction actually increases subsequent choice of the sampled food, a finding
that is contrary to what industry experts predict. The authors propose a
dual-process model of somatosensory experiences to account for the findings.
In line with the model, the findings suggest that the ultimate pleasure that
a consumer derives from the taste of a food sample depends on two components,
an informational component and an affective component. Furthermore, the
findings suggest that distraction affects the subsequent choice of the
sampled item by increasing (decreasing) the impact of the affective component
(informational component) on subsequent choice.
研究文獻已經找到，個人理解應付考試，讀前言和結論瞭解背景就夠了，關鍵是理解個
別辭彙的意思和研究記錄和思路，這篇RC題好像不難的，3個，一個是main idea。
2個好像都考infer。

文獻下載地址http://www.91files.com/?CG6G3J7161ZWRIBU8I2I



2.JJ 又是關於Marketing的，是說商家一般會sample goods，並且講了customer在taste
的時候，不是很清楚了，就是幾句描述
 第二段就說其實人們purchase 這種sample goods時候會收到兩種factors影響一個是
feeling of the goods(bitter,sweetie etc)另外一種是distraction，這個是本文重點
講的 又說了一個study說比較pain給customer 總之這個example是為了說distraction的
第三段就進一步解釋distraction和repurchase的關係，有很繞的描述（注意有題目），
但是又有一個exception distraction無法影響customer的repurchase 行為（有題目）
一共三段 最後一段覺得比較繞


第四篇  啥 food sample testing跟 noise的關係 有人研究何時要放音樂 food sample
test才可以最有效
詳細內容也忘了 >.<