世界通史考題

一至六選擇其四，第七題自由選答。

一、(1)回教與基督教在信仰觀點上相同點與不同之處為何？(2)這樣的不同造成
    回教文化怎樣的特徵(相對於基督教世界的文化)？

二、Papacy的建立與發展對於中古時期(1)東(拜占庭帝國與回教帝國)西(西歐)對立關係
    (2)歐洲的政教關係二者，具有什麼影響？

三、(1)中古歐洲的feudalism是「自然而然」而非勉強造就的制度，何以見得？請說明之
    。(2)feudalism對後世的政治發展有何「好處」？
四、文藝復興對歐洲現代文明的發展(揚棄medievalism、表現modernity的)，具有什麼重
    要性?

五、請舉十個例子申論文藝復興時期的humanism表現。

六、請將下文中譯，然後加以補充和申論了。(30分)
  1．In general,lslamic art laid particular emphasis on pure visual design.
     Separated from any role in religious teaching,it became highly abstract
     and non-representational.For these reasons Islamic art often seems more
     more secular and 'mordern' than any other art of modern times.
  2. Boniface VIII's papal jubiree of 1300,which offered a plenary indulgence
     to all those who made a pilgrimage to Rome,was a tacit recogniton that
     the Eternal City and not The Holy Land would henceforth have to be the
     central goal of Christian pilgrimage....The prestige of papacy had become
     irreparably damaged by the misuses and failure of crusading.
  3. The painting of portraits for purpose of revealing the hidden mysteries
     of the soul became popular in the fifteenth century.Painting intended to
     appeal primarily to the intellect were paralleled by others whose main
     purpose was to delight the eye with gorgeous color and beauty of form.
七、自問自答(視情形給分)