世界通史考題

任選四題

    一、 請在（1）文字，（2）科學，（3）法律或倫理等三方面，舉上古民族為例，說
         明他們的貢獻、成就特色或異同。

    二、 Judaism是長期進化而成，請說明其發展歷程，及各階段在教義上與信仰上的
         特色（請強調與其他民族宗教信仰不同之處）

    三、 上古時代埃及、波斯與印度的宗教信仰觀念，皆隨著時間與社會情勢的轉
         移而有所改變，請說明其改變的趨勢及意義。

    四、 文末五張圖所屬的文明時代各為何？它們各象徵什麼文化特質或具有什
         麼文化意涵？你可以替換其中兩張圖像，或增加圖像回答此題。
    五、 請比較上古Mesopotamia,Egypt,India,Persia四大文明特質的差異，並嘗
         試說明什麼因素導致如此的差異。
    六、 請將下文中譯，然後加以補充及評論（30分）
     1） Hammurabi's code becomes more intelligible only if we recognize that
         it aimed at different ends than modern jurisprudence. The Mespotamians
         promulgated laws to stop fights.
     2） It is sighificant that the size of the statues of pharaohs increased
         as the Empire expanded and the government become more absolute.The
         conventions of rigidity and impassiveness were meant to express to
         the timelessness and stability of the national life.
     3） In the Hebrews' view God was not part of nature but entirely outside
         of it;thus he could become understood in purely intellectual or
         abstract terms. Complementing the principle of divine transcendence
         was the principle that humans were rulers of nature by divine mandate.
    七、 自問自答題（視情形給分）。

     1）Sumerian Praying Figures
     2）The Great Palace of Darius and Xerxes at Persepolis.
     3）Assyrian Winged Human-Headed Bull.
     4）The Temple at Karnak.
     5）Lions from Ishtar Gate.