世界通史考題

一至四題擇其三，第五題必答，第六題自由選答

一、自然環境與文明性格的關聯如何？請舉上古Mesopotamia,Egypt,Persia與India
    文明為例論述之。

二、上古時代Mesopotamia,Egypt與Persia在政權的擴張和鞏固上，有何重要的措施？
    這些做法具有什麼歷史意義？請申論之。

三、在上古時代，宗教信仰的特徵有何演變趨勢？請舉Mesopotamia,Egypt,Persia與
    India的宗教為例說明之。

四、上古時代的藝術有何表現特質？請舉Mesopotamia,Egypt,Persia與India的藝術為
    例說明之。

五、*請將下文中譯，**然後加以補充和申論。

1.  The Code of Hammurabi was based on Sumerian legal principles with an
    admixture of Semitic innovations...Hammurabi's code becomes more
    intelligible only if we recognize that it aimed at different ends than
    modern jurisprudence. The Mesopotamians promulgated laws primarily to
    stop fights.

2.  The uncompromising idealism of the Upanishads, when viewed superficially,
    may appear to be negative and pessimistic because it repudiates the world
    of immediate human experience. In intent, however, its message is positive
    and optimistic regarding human worth and destiny.

3.  The Persian habit of borrowing ideas from others, known technically as
    eclecticism, can be observed particulary clearly in the evidence of
    architecture... With Alexander's arrival the Persians would become directly
    subject to the mainland Greeks, but the Greeks would immediately begin
    borrowing from the Persians.

六、自問自答題(視情形給分)