作者pursuistmi (common people)
看板IA
標題[資訊] 歐巴馬經濟政策
時間Tue Sep 16 10:17:38 2008
Plan to Strengthen the Economy
“I believe that America's free market has been the engine of America's great
progress. It's created a prosperity that is the envy of the world. It's led
to a standard of living unmatched in history. And it has provided great
rewards to the innovators and risk-takers who have made America a beacon for
science, and technology, and discovery…We are all in this together. From
CEOs to shareholders, from financiers to factory workers, we all have a stake
in each other's success because the more Americans prosper, the more America
prospers.”
— Barack Obama, New York, NY, September 17, 2007
At a Glance
Jumpstart the Economy
Provide Middle Class Americans Tax Relief
Trade
Job Creation
Support Small Business
Labor
Protect Homeownership and Crack Down on Mortgage Fraud
Address Predatory Credit Card Practices
Reform Bankruptcy Laws
Work/Family Balance
The Problem
Wages are Stagnant as Prices Rise: While wages remain flat, the costs of
basic necessities are increasing. The cost of in-state college tuition has
grown 35 percent over the past five years. Health care costs have risen four
times faster than wages over the past six years. And the personal savings
rate is now the lowest it's been since the Great Depression.
Tax Cuts for Wealthy Instead of Middle Class: The Bush tax cuts give those
who earn over $1 million dollars a tax cut nearly 160 times greater than that
received by middle-income Americans. At the same time, this administration
has refused to tackle health care, education and housing in a manner that
benefits the middle class.
Barack Obama's Plan
Jumpstart the Economy
Enact a Windfall Profits Tax to Provide a $1,000 Emergency Energy Rebate to
American Families:Barack Obama will enact a windfall profits tax on excessive
oil company profits to give American families an immediate $1,000 emergency
energy rebate to help families pay rising bills. This relief would be a down
payment on Obama's long-term plan to provide middle-class families with at
least $1,000 per year in permanent tax relief.
Provide $50 billion to Jumpstart the Economy and Prevent 1 Million Americans
from Losing Their Jobs: This relief would include a $25 billion State Growth
Fund to prevent state and local cuts in health, education, housing, and
heating assistance or counterproductive increases in property taxes, tolls or
fees. Obama’s relief plan will also include $25 billion in a Jobs and Growth
Fund to prevent cutbacks in road and bridge maintenance and fund school re-
pair - all to save more than 1 million jobs in danger of being cut.
Provide Middle Class Americans Tax Relief
Obama will cut income taxes by $1,000 for working families to offset the
payroll tax they pay.
Provide a Tax Cut for Working Families: Obama will restore fairness to the
tax code and provide 150 million workers the tax relief they need. Obama will
create a new "Making Work Pay" tax credit of up to $500 per person, or $1,000
per working family. The "Making Work Pay" tax credit will completely
eliminate income taxes for 10 million Americans.
Eliminate Income Taxes for Seniors Making Less than $50,000: Barack Obama
will eliminate all income taxation of seniors making less than $50,000 per
year. This proposal will eliminate income taxes for 7 million seniors and
provide these seniors with an average savings of $1,400 each year. Under the
Obama plan, 27 million American seniors will also not need to file an income
tax return.
Simplify Tax Filings for Middle Class Americans: Obama will dramatically
simplify tax filings so that millions of Americans will be able to do their
taxes in less than five minutes. Obama will ensure that the IRS uses the
information it already gets from banks and employers to give taxpayers the
option of pre-filled tax forms to verify, sign and return. Experts estimate
that the Obama proposal will save Americans up to 200 million total hours of
work and aggravation and up to $2 billion in tax preparer fees.
Trade
Obama believes that trade with foreign nations should strengthen the American
economy and create more American jobs. He will stand firm against agreements
that undermine our economic security.
Fight for Fair Trade: Obama will fight for a trade policy that opens up
foreign markets to support good American jobs. He will use trade agreements
to spread good labor and environmental standards around the world and stand
firm against agreements like the Central American Free Trade Agreement that
fail to live up to those important benchmarks. Obama will also pressure the
World Trade Organization to enforce trade agreements and stop countries from
continuing unfair government subsidies to foreign exporters and nontariff
barriers on U.S. exports.
Amend the North American Free Trade Agreement: Obama believes that NAFTA and
its potential were oversold to the American people. Obama will work with the
leaders of Canada and Mexico to fix NAFTA so that it works for American
workers.
Improve Transition Assistance: To help all workers adapt to a rapidly
changing economy, Obama would update the existing system of Trade Adjustment
Assistance by extending it to service industries, creating flexible education
accounts to help workers retrain, and providing retraining assistance for
workers in sectors of the economy vulnerable to dislocation before they lose
their jobs.
End Tax Breaks for Companies that Send Jobs Overseas: Barack Obama believes
that companies should not get billions of dollars in tax deductions for
moving their operations overseas. Obama will also fight to ensure that public
contracts are awarded to companies that are committed to American workers.
Reward Companies that Support American Workers: Barack Obama introduced the
Patriot Employer Act of 2007 with Senators Richard Durbin (D-IL) and Sherrod
Brown (D-OH) to reward companies that create good jobs with good benefits for
American workers. The legislation would provide a tax credit to companies
that maintain or increase the number of full-time workers in America relative
to those outside the US; maintain their corporate headquarters in America if
it has ever been in America; pay decent wages; prepare workers for
retirement; provide health insurance; and support employees who serve in the
military.
Invest in the Manufacturing Sector and Create 5 Million New Green Jobs
Invest in our Next Generation Innovators and Job Creators: Obama will create
an Advanced Manufacturing Fund to identify and invest in the most compelling
advanced manufacturing strategies. The Fund will have a peer-review selection
and award process based on the Michigan 21st Century Jobs Fund, a state-level
initiative that has awarded over $125 million to Michigan businesses with the
most innovative proposals to create new products and new jobs in the state.
Double Funding for the Manufacturing Extension Partnership: The Manufacturing
Extension Partnership (MEP) works with manufacturers across the country to
improve efficiency, implement new technology and strengthen company growth.
This highly-successful program has engaged in more than 350,000 projects
across the country and in 2006 alone, helped create and protect over 50,000
jobs. But despite this success, funding for MEP has been slashed by the Bush
administration. Barack Obama will double funding for the MEP so its training
centers can continue to bolster the competitiveness of U.S. manufacturers.
Invest In A Clean Energy Economy And Create 5 Million New Green Jobs: Obama
will invest $150 billion over 10 years to advance the next generation of
biofuels and fuel infrastructure, accelerate the commercialization of plug-in
hybrids, promote development of commercial scale renewable energy, invest in
low emissions coal plants, and begin transition to a new digital electricity
grid. The plan will also invest in America's highly-skilled manufacturing
workforce and manufacturing centers to ensure that American workers have the
skills and tools they need to pioneer the first wave of green technologies
that will be in high demand throughout the world.
Create New Job Training Programs for Clean Technologies: The Obama plan will
increase funding for federal workforce training programs and direct these
programs to incorporate green technologies training, such as advanced
manufacturing and weatherization training, into their efforts to help
Americans find and retain stable, high-paying jobs. Obama will also create an
energy-focused youth jobs program to invest in disconnected and disadvantaged
youth.
Boost the Renewable Energy Sector and Create New Jobs: The Obama plan will
create new federal policies, and expand existing ones, that have been proven
to create new American jobs. Obama will create a federal Renewable Portfolio
Standard (RPS) that will require 25 percent of American electricity be
derived from renewable sources by 2025, which has the potential to create
hundreds of thousands of new jobs on its own. Obama will also extend the
Production Tax Credit, a credit used successfully by American farmers and
investors to increase renewable energy production and create new local jobs.
New Jobs Through National Infrastructure Investment
Barack Obama believes that it is critically important for the United States
to rebuild its national transportation infrastructure – its highways,
bridges, roads, ports, air, and train systems – to strengthen user safety,
bolster our long-term competitiveness and ensure our economy continues to
grow.
Create a National Infrastructure Reinvestment Bank: Barack Obama will address
the infrastructure challenge by creating a National Infrastructure
Reinvestment Bank to expand and enhance, not supplant, existing federal
transportation investments. This independent entity will be directed to
invest in our nation’s most challenging transportation infrastructure needs.
The Bank will receive an infusion of federal money, $60 billion over 10
years, to provide financing to transportation infrastructure projects across
the nation. These projects will create up to two million new direct and
indirect jobs per year and stimulate approximately $35 billion per year in
new economic activity.
Technology, Innovation and Creating Jobs
Barack Obama will increase federal support for research, technology and
innovation for companies and universities so that American families can lead
the world in creating new advanced jobs and products.
Invest in the Sciences: Barack Obama supports doubling federal funding for
basic research and changing the posture of our federal government from being
one of the most anti-science administrations in American history to one that
embraces science and technology. This will foster home-grown innovation, help
ensure the competitiveness of US technology-based businesses, and ensure that
21st century jobs can and will grow in America.
Make the Research and Development Tax Credit Permanent: Barack Obama wants
investments in a skilled research and development workforce and technology
infrastructure to be supported here in America so that American workers and
communities will benefit. Obama wants to make the Research and Development
tax credit permanent so that firms can rely on it when making decisions to
invest in domestic R&D over multi-year timeframes.
Deploy Next-Generation Broadband: Barack Obama believes we can get broadband
to every community in America through a combination of reform of the
Universal Service Fund, better use of the nation's wireless spectrum,
promotion of next-generation facilities, technologies and applications, and
new tax and loan incentives.
Support Small Business
Provide Tax Relief for Small Businesses and Start Up Companies: Barack Obama
will eliminate all capital gains taxes on start-up and small businesses to
encourage innovation and job creation. Obama will also support small business
owners by providing a $500 “Making Work Pay” tax credit to almost every
worker in America. Self-employed small business owners pay both the employee
and the employer side of the payroll tax, and this measure will reduce the
burdens of this double taxation.
Create a National Network of Public-Private Business Incubators: Barack Obama
will support entrepreneurship and spur job growth by creating a national
network of public-private business incubators. Business incubators facilitate
the critical work of entrepreneurs in creating start-up companies. Obama will
invest $250 million per year to increase the number and size of incubators in
disadvantaged communities throughout the country.
Labor
Obama will strengthen the ability of workers to organize unions. He will
fight for passage of the Employee Free Choice Act. Obama will ensure that his
labor appointees support workers' rights and will work to ban the permanent
replacement of striking workers. Obama will also increase the minimum wage
and index it to inflation to ensure it rises every year.
Ensure Freedom to Unionize: Obama believes that workers should have the
freedom to choose whether to join a union without harassment or intimidation
from their employers. Obama cosponsored and is strong advocate for the
Employee Free Choice Act, a bipartisan effort to assure that workers can
exercise their right to organize. He will continue to fight for EFCA's
passage and sign it into law.
Fight Attacks on Workers' Right to Organize: Obama has fought the Bush
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) efforts to strip workers of their right
to organize. He is a cosponsor of legislation to overturn the NLRB's
"Kentucky River" decisions classifying hundreds of thousands of nurses,
construction, and professional workers as "supervisors" who are not protected
by federal labor laws.
Protect Striking Workers: Obama supports the right of workers to bargain
collectively and strike if necessary. He will work to ban the permanent
replacement of striking workers, so workers can stand up for themselves
without worrying about losing their livelihoods.
Raise the Minimum Wage: Barack Obama will raise the minimum wage, index it to
inflation and increase the Earned Income Tax Credit to make sure that
full-time workers earn a living wage that allows them to raise their families
and pay for basic needs.
Protect Homeownership and Crack Down on Mortgage Fraud
Obama will crack down on fraudulent brokers and lenders. He will also make
sure homebuyers have honest and complete information about their mortgage
options, and he will give a tax credit to all middle-class homeowners.
Create a Universal Mortgage Credit: Obama will create a 10 percent universal
mortgage credit to provide homeowners who do not itemize tax relief. This
credit will provide an average of $500 to 10 million homeowners, the majority
of whom earn less than $50,000 per year.
Ensure More Accountability in the Subprime Mortgage Industry: Obama has been
closely monitoring the subprime mortgage situation for years, and introduced
comprehensive legislation over a year ago to fight mortgage fraud and protect
consumers against abusive lending practices. Obama's STOP FRAUD Act provides
the first federal definition of mortgage fraud, increases funding for federal
and state law enforcement programs, creates new criminal penalties for
mortgage professionals found guilty of fraud, and requires industry insiders
to report suspicious activity.
Mandate Accurate Loan Disclosure: Obama will create a Homeowner Obligation
Made Explicit (HOME) score, which will provide potential borrowers with a
simplified, standardized borrower metric (similar to APR) for home mortgages.
The HOME score will allow individuals to easily compare various mortgage
products and understand the full cost of the loan.
Close Bankruptcy Loophole for Mortgage Companies: Obama will work to
eliminate the provision that prevents bankruptcy courts from modifying an
individual's mortgage payments. Obama believes that the subprime mortgage
industry, which has engaged in dangerous and sometimes unscrupulous business
practices, should not be shielded by outdated federal law.
Address Predatory Credit Card Practices
Obama will establish a five-star rating system so that every consumer knows
the risk involved in every credit card. He also will establish a Credit Card
Bill of Rights to stop credit card companies from exploiting consumers with
unfair practices.
Create a Credit Card Rating System to Improve Disclosure: Obama will create a
credit card rating system, modeled on five-star systems used for other
consumer products, to provide consumers an easily identifiable ranking of
credit cards, based on the card's features. Credit card companies will be
required to display the rating on all application and contract materials,
enabling consumers to quickly understand all of the major provisions of a
credit card without having to rely exclusively on fine print in lengthy
documents.
Establish a Credit Card Bill of Rights to Protect Consumers: Obama will
create a Credit Card Bill of Rights to protect consumers. The Obama plan
will:
Ban Unilateral Changes
Apply Interest Rate Increases Only to Future Debt
Prohibit Interest on Fees
Prohibit "Universal Defaults"
Require Prompt and Fair Crediting of Cardholder Payments
Reform Bankruptcy Laws
Obama will reform our bankruptcy laws to protect working people, ban
executive bonuses for bankrupt companies, and require disclosure of all
pension investments.
Cap Outlandish Interest Rates on Payday Loans and Improve Disclosure: Obama
supports extending a 36 percent interest cap to all Americans. Obama will
require lenders to provide clear and simplified information about loan fees,
payments and penalties, which is why he'll require lenders to provide this
information during the application process.
Encourage Responsible Lending Institutions to Make Small Consumer Loans:
Obama will encourage banks, credit unions and Community Development Financial
Institutions to provide affordable short-term and small-dollar loans and to
drive unscrupulous lenders out of business.
Reform Bankruptcy Laws to Protect Families Facing a Medical Crisis: Obama
will create an exemption in bankruptcy law for individuals who can prove they
filed for bankruptcy because of medical expenses. This exemption will create
a process that forgives the debt and lets the individuals get back on their
feet.
Work/Family Balance
Obama will double funding for after-school programs, expand the Family
Medical Leave Act, provide low-income families with a refundable tax credit
to help with their child-care expenses, and encourage flexible work schedules.
Expand the Family and Medical Leave Act: The FMLA covers only certain
employees of employers with 50 or more employees. Obama will expand it to
cover businesses with 25 or more employees. He will expand the FMLA to cover
more purposes as well, including allowing workers to take leave for elder
care needs; allowing parents up to 24 hours of leave each year to participate
in their children's academic activities; and expanding FMLA to cover leave
for employees to address domestic violence.
Encourage States to Adopt Paid Leave: As president, Obama will initiate a
strategy to encourage all 50 states to adopt paid-leave systems. Obama will
provide a $1.5 billion fund to assist states with start-up costs and to help
states offset the costs for employees and employers.
Expand High-Quality Afterschool Opportunities: Obama will double funding for
the main federal support for afterschool programs, the 21st Century Learning
Centers program, to serve a million more children. Obama will include
measures to maximize performance and effectiveness across grantees
nationwide.
Expand the Child and Dependent Care Tax Credit: The Child and Dependent Care
Tax Credit provides too little relief to families that struggle to afford
child care expenses. Obama will reform the Child and Dependent Care Tax
Credit by making it refundable and allowing low-income families to receive up
to a 50 percent credit for their child care expenses.
Protect Against Caregiver Discrimination: Workers with family obligations
often are discriminated against in the workplace. Obama will enforce the
recently-enacted Equal Employment Opportunity Commission guidelines on
caregiver discrimination.
Expand Flexible Work Arrangements: Obama will create a program to inform
businesses about the benefits of flexible work schedules; help businesses
create flexible work opportunities; and increase federal incentives for
telecommuting. Obama will also make the federal government a model employer
in terms of adopting flexible work schedules and permitting employees to
request flexible arrangements.
Barack Obama's Record
Housing: In the U.S. Senate, Obama introduced the STOP FRAUD Act to increase
penalties for mortgage fraud and provide more protections for low-income
homebuyers, well before the current subprime crisis began.
Predatory Lending: In the Illinois State Senate, Obama called attention to
predatory lending issues. Obama sponsored legislation to combat predatory
payday loans, and he also was credited with lobbying the state to more
closely regulate some of the most egregious predatory lending practices.
American Jobs: Barack Obama introduced the Patriot Employer Act of 2007 to
provide a tax credit to companies that maintain or increase the number of
full-time workers in America relative to those outside the US; maintain their
corporate headquarters in America; pay decent wages; prepare workers for
retirement; provide health insurance; and support employees who serve in the
military.
http://www.barackobama.com/issues/economy/
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