推 oberon48:我也是剛剛才得知 04/23 23:16
※ 編輯: zznn8989 來自: 61.228.140.225 (04/24 00:51)
※ zznn8989:轉錄至看板 Gossiping 04/24 00:58
標題:
Former Russian leader Yeltsin dead 俄國前領導人葉爾欽逝世
新聞來源: (需有正確連結)
http://edition.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/europe/04/23/russia.yeltsin.ap/index.html
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6584481.stm
MOSCOW, Russia (AP) -- Former President Boris Yeltsin, who engineered the final
collapse of the Soviet Union and pushed Russia to embrace democracy and a
market economy, has died, a Kremlin official said Monday. He was 76.
克林姆林宮官員於星期一宣佈: 致力於推動俄羅斯民主化及市場經濟的俄國前總統葉爾欽
已經逝世. 年紀76.
Kremlin spokesman Alexander Smirnov confirmed Yeltsin's death, but gave no
cause or further information. The Interfax news agency cited an unidentified
medical source as saying he had died of heart failure.
克宮發言人確認葉爾欽死亡的消息, 但並未告知其死因及其他資訊. 有一說指稱其死於心
臟衰竭
Although Yeltsin pushed Russia to embrace democracy and a market economy, many
of its citizens will remember him mostly for presiding over the country's steep
decline.
雖然葉氏畢生致力推動俄羅斯走向民主化及市場經濟, 但大部分的人民對他印象最深的部
分卻是當他在位時俄國經濟蕭條的景況
He was a contradictory figure, rocketing to popularity in the Communist era on
pledges to fight corruption -- but proving unable, or unwilling, to prevent the
looting of state industry as it moved into private hands during his nine years
as Russia's first freely elected president.
他是個充滿衝突性的人物. 在共產時代深得民心, 誓言打倒貪污腐敗; 卻未能(或不願意)
阻止各方搶奪國營企業, 以致於在他成為俄國的第一位民選總統的九年任內國營企業逐漸
落入私人手裡.
He steadfastly defended freedom of the press, but was a master at manipulating
the media.
他捍衛媒體自由, 卻也同時善於操弄媒體.
He amassed as much power as possible in his office -- then gave it all up in a
dramatic New Year's address at the end of 1999.
他傾力集權, 卻在1999年底的新年談話中戲劇性地放棄所有(權力)
Yeltsin's greatest moments came in bursts. He stood atop a tank to resist an
attempted coup in August 1991, and spearheaded the peaceful end of the Soviet
state on Dec. 25 of that year.
葉爾欽從戰爭中崛起. 在1991年8月他站上一台坦克車以阻擋預謀的政變行動, 同年12月
25日更帶頭為蘇維埃政體畫下和平的句點
Ill with heart problems, and facing possible defeat by a Communist challenger
in his 1996 re-election bid, he marshaled his energy and sprinted through the
final weeks of the campaign. The challenge transformed the shaky convalescent
into the spry, dancing candidate.
久為心臟宿疾所苦, 又要在1996年競選連任的選舉中面對可能失敗的風險(對手是一位共
產黨員), 他卻能在競選活動最後的幾週內卯足精神全力衝刺. 這次的挑戰改造一位顫抖
的病人成為精神奕奕 手舞足蹈的候選人.
But Yeltsin was an inconsistent reformer who never took much interest in the
mundane tasks of day-to-day government, and nearly always blamed Russia's
myriad problems on his subordinates.
然而, 葉氏是一位前後不一致的革命家. 他未曾對政事透露出太大的興趣, 倒是不斷將國
內發生的諸多問題歸咎於下屬.
Yeltsin greatly damaged his democratic credentials by using force to solve
political disputes, though he claimed his actions were necessary to keep the
country together.
他使用武力解決政治紛爭的手法嚴重毀損他在民主上的功勳, 即便他宣稱自己的行動是為
了國內團結的必要手段.
He sent tanks and troops in October 1993 to flush armed, hard-line supporters
out of a hostile Russian parliament after they had sparked violence in the
streets of Moscow. And in December 1994, Yeltsin launched a war against
separatists in the southern republic of Chechnya.
1993年10月, 當敵對(俄國)國會內的武裝支持者在莫斯科街頭爆發零星暴力事件後, 他派
遣軍隊和坦克把他們趕出. 接著在1994年12月葉爾欽針對南方車臣共和國的分離主義者發
動戰爭
Tens of thousands of people were killed in the Chechnya conflict, and a
defeated and humiliated Russian army withdrew at the end of 1996. The war
solved nothing -- and Russian troops resumed fighting in the breakaway region
in fall 1999.
數以萬計的人民死於這場車臣衝突中, 而歷經失敗及羞辱的俄國軍隊最後在1996年底撤軍.
這場戰爭一無所獲. 而俄國軍隊又在1999年秋天重起戰事.
In the final years of his presidency, Yeltsin was dogged by health problems and
often seemed out of touch. He retreated regularly to his country residence
outside Moscow and stayed away from the Kremlin for days, even weeks at a time.
As the country lurched from crisis to crisis, its leader appeared increasingly
absent.
在任期的最後幾年內, 葉爾欽久為疾病所苦並常似脫離現實狀(?). 他定期回到莫斯科市外
的鄉村住家靜養, 甚至有時會遠離克林姆林宮好幾天/幾星期. 在國況踉蹌的時刻, 她的領
導人缺席的情況更形嚴重
Yet Yeltsin had made a stunning debut as Russian president. He introduced many
basics of democracy, guaranteeing the rights to free speech, private property
and multiparty elections, and opening the borders to trade and travel. Though
full of bluster, he revealed more of his personal life and private doubts than
any previous Russian leader had.
葉氏初任總統一時氣象一新. 他引進許多民主的基本原則, 保證言論自由的權利/私有財產
/多黨選舉, 更開放邊界以供貿易旅遊之途. 但是, 縱使一副氣勢洶湧的模樣, 他比先前的
所有在位者顯露出更多個人生活上與私底下的疑慮.(?)
"The debilitating bouts of depression, the grave second thoughts, the insomnia
and headaches in the middle of the night, the tears and despair ... the hurt
from people close to me who did not support me at the last minute, who didn't
hold up, who deceived me -- I have had to bear all of this," he wrote in his
1994 memoir, "The Struggle for Russia."
他在自己1994年的回憶錄"為俄羅斯奮鬥"寫下了如下文字: 一陣陣令人衰弱的沮喪, 陰沉
的思緒, 失眠與夜半的頭痛, 眼淚與失意...親近人士在最後時刻背棄的傷痛, 他們心志
不堅, 他們欺騙我...而我卻必須要忍受這些...
Copyright 2007 The Associated
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